1906        Gilchrist, Annie G., Frank Kidson, Lucy E. Broadwood, Cecil J. Sharp, and J.A. Fuller-Maitland. "Sailors' Songs, Collected by Annie G. Gilchrist." _Journal of the Folk-Song Society_ 2(9): 236-249.

Gilchrist got the songs from a Mr. W. Bolton, a 66 yr old retired sailor of 35 yrs (merchant and navy), last voyage in 1887. His navy career ended in 1857, so I presume his merchant service was 57-87. In addition to the "forecastle songs" and chanties presented, Gilchrist notes that he also sang "Boney was a Frenchman," "The Banks of Sacramento,"
and" Paddy on the Railway," to tunes that compared well to the ones in Davis/Tozer. Gilchrist recorded Bolton in Southport in 1905-1906.

Forecastle songs are:
Admiral Benbow
Gilderoy
The Wreck of the "Gilderoy"
The Greenland Whale Fishery
The Golden Vanity
I'll Go No More A-roving
The Wreck of the "Industry"

Chanties:
Shangadore
Across the Western Ocean
The Hawk's Eye Man

One of the forecastle songs looks like "A-Roving." However, despite obvious similarities, it is really a different song.
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I'LL GO NO MORE A-ROVING.

Oh, if my child should chance to die,
Mark well what I do say,
Oh if my child should chance to die,
The bells should ring so sweet-e-ly,
And I'll go no more a-roving
For roving's been my ruin
I'll go no more a-roving with you, fair maid.

…
The tune is a version of "The Maid of Amsterdam" (see " A·roving," in Toz.er's
Sailors' Songs for the more usual form)-a well-known chanty derived from a ballad
which Mr. John Masefield traces back to the time of Elizabeth… But only the refrain of Mr. Bolton's song has any connection with the words of this other chanty. -A. G. G.

The burden in this is the same as in the well-known sailors' song above-mentioned,
one version of which is printed in The Scottish Students' Song·Book, and begins "At
Number Three, Old England Square." -F. K.
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SHENANDOAH is the first chanty. Bolton must have known an indecent version.
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SHANGADORE. Pumping Chanty.

O, Shangadore, I love your daughter,
Aray, ye rolling river!
I love my grog much more than water,
Ah-ha-ha! I'm bound away,
'Cross the wide Missouri.

Mr. Bolton refused to give me the rest of the words! "Shangadore" is a corruption of "Shenandoah "-the American river of that name. …this well known American chanty, …The tune appears to be of negro
origin; it is at least of negro character…. The tune is a difficult one to bar correctly, from the evident tendency of the chorus (as I understand in chanties generally) to overlap the solo….
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And Ralph Vaughan-Williams adds,
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I have noted a close variant of this chanty under the name" Shenandoah" from Mr. Danger, at King's Lynn.
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ACROSS THE WESTERN OCEAN. Hauling Chanty.

Solo: Xxxxx
Cho. Xxxxx
Solo: A dollar a day is a nigger's pay,
Cho. Across the western ocean.
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Bolton could not remember the words at the beginning.

HOGEYE
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THE HAWK'S-EYE MAN. Capstan Chanty.

Oh, the 'awk's-eye man is the man for me,
And when he comes ashore he has a jolly spree,
And the 'awk's-eye—
Roll the boat ashore, And the 'awk's-eye—
Roll the boat ashore, And the 'awk's-eye, Ho!
She wants the 'awk's-eye man.

Scraps of other verses were recollected as follows:

Sally in the garden sifting sand,
And Jenny in the house with the hawk's-eye man.

With his hawk's-eye ...
And when he comes ashore
He rattles at my door,
Oh, Johnnie is my hawk's-eye man.

This curious tune has, I think, like "Shangadore," a decided negro flavour.
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Finally, Gilchrist and Kidson respond to Whall's idea (in his Yachting Monthly article) that "chanty" derives from lumberjacks.
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It may be noted that the writer derives the name "shanty" from Canadian lumber-or shanty-men "who were ever great singers," but were, and still are, called "shanty-men" because they lived in shanties. -A. G. G.

I think the foregoing derivation of the puzzling words" chanty" or "shanty" is very probably correct. I cannot agree with its supposed French origin, and certainly "Chantyies," so far as the term goes, have come to us from "across the Western Ocean," though a French-Canadian source might point to the word used in a French sense. -F. K.
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