re:Barbarian.....

In Rome (during the Republic anyway) citizens shaved and slaves wore beards....in Greece it was the opposite.

The custom in Rome changed after Hadrian became Emporer. He had a birthmark on his face and he wore a beard to cover it. After his reign it was a matter of personal taste.

The Greek root of Barbarian is Barbarismos (foreigner).

It has been a while since I studied Latin, but I seem to remember beard as barbus, not barbarus.