For those who don't want to weed through the article, let me add some details extrapolated from it:

Printed in the Mercury, Fitzroy, Victoria, AU, on 26 August 1876.
Article: "Personal Adventures, or lights and shades of colonial life" by George E. Loyau. (Apparently just one installment in this series, as the story picks up mid-way.)

Loyau was relating a trip which he (apparently unexperienced in the ways outside the city) was taken on to mines in the Blue Mountains to the west of Sydney. He heard the song when spending a night at a bullock-drivers' camp on a ridge. The singer was Ned Allright, a native of Hawkesbury (District?, an unsettled area of the Blue Mountains northward from there). Ned also sang (if I recall) "Bold Donohue" and another song.

About the present song, Loyau said:
The above sung in a loud tone and interspersed with the chorus of "too-ral-loo-ral-ido" [...]

I was also interested in the sequel, a retelling of a tale by "Cannibal Joe" Bowers about how he came by that name. That tale, though it talks of "New England" and "Maryland" must be referring to a gold-mining part of New South Wales west or north of Newcastle. I was unable to locate several spots referred to in the tale, notably "the Clarence" (river?) and the town "Taberium".