Quantum networks build on entanglement and quantum
measurement to bring new capabilities to communication systems.

Quantum physical effects can be used to detect eavesdropping, to
improve the shared sensitivity of separated astronomical
instruments, or to create distributed states that will enable
numerical quantum computation over a distance using teleportation.

Because quantum data is fragile and some quantum operations are
probabilistic, errors and distributed calculations must be managed
aggressively and perhaps cooperatively among nodes. Solutions to
these problems will have both similarities to and differences from
purely classical networks.

Architectures for large-scale quantum
networking and internetworking are in development, paralleling
theoretical and experimental work on physical layers and low-level
error management and connection technologies. With unentangled
quantum networks already deployed, entangled networks may appear
within the next few years and will form a key research topic in the
coming decade.


http://web.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~rdv/private/van-meter-networking-review-for-IP-110923.pdf