The 12th-century Notre-Dame des Doms is also known as Avignon Cathedral. The popes left Rome and were in Avignon from 1309 until 1377. A total of seven popes reigned at Avignon; all were French, and all were increasingly under the influence of the French crown. And then in the 15th century, we got Spanish popes.

I don't know whether the pope was bishop of Avignon, Rome, or both during this time.

-Joe-