I've just had a quick look at LO (I actually don't use it much) and some of the things you're looking for are definitely there.
Specifically, the linking to other files is via Insert/Hyperlink and the Document tab (ctrl-click opens the referred doc).
There are also various within file linkages present: Insert/Cross-reference lets you create references locations and insert references to them (also to pages/paras etc)
I haven't looked at the functions but there are a couple of tabs on the Cross-reference that seem to be related to that: Functions and Variables seem to have several options. As I said, I don't actually have much use for it at the moment, so I'd have to have a look at the manual to see if what you want with the formulas can be done. My first thought would be that it could be.
(I'm using the Linux version here, but I imagine the same features are present on all platforms).