I'm currently in a conversation with a woman who grew up in New Zealand, and, until the broadcast of Sesame Street and its Americanisms, her mother at least, had never even heard the "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" linked to the Alphabet; she learned the ABCs to the tune of "Jack and Jill Went Up the Hill."

I grew up in England and New Zealand and never heard of any tune being associated with the alphabet.

The first I heard of such a thing was right here, five minutes ago.

It isn't ubiquitous.

I would guess it arose in the post-WW2 American school system and never got any further than that. Or maybe "Sesame Street" invented it.