This is an example of the kind of frame drum playing you find depicted since ancient times, particularly by women players:

old Turkish peasant woman

Any mediaeval painting featuring angels with drums will show the same technique.

That kind of large tambourine is the oldest kind of frame drum we know of from the British Isles. There's a picture from early 19th century Scotland of a woman accompanying her fiddler husband that way. It has a tradition behind it that the bodhran totally lacks.