McGrath, I am sure that you are right--this does have a longer history than anyone has yet suggested--Musicians have, after all, been working from written music for more than 500 years, and have been working from their ears and their immagination for longer--in the time before international distribution, Xeroxing, and trancription software, musicians must have often had to fake parts--I am curious if there is anyone around who has done a serious study of this stuff--