The above from American Memory, Historical American Sheet Music.

George Pullman hired former slaves, rightly knowing that they would have the proper training.
The porters worked 400 hours a month, or 11,000 miles. They paid for their meals, uniforms, shoe polish for the passengers' shoes, and were liable for any items stolen. On overnight trips, they seldom got more than 3-4 hours sleep, which was deducted from their pay. They prepared the Pullman car on their own time. There was little job security.

At this time, many job involving tips were unpaid, or required a payment from the "employee" to the company. Bell captains at better resorts and hotels sometimes paid thousands to the institution in order to hold their position.