Russian diplomacy:

Here's a brief review of what Russia has done for Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "During 2008–12 Russia supplied 71 per cent of Syria's imports of major weapons." Human Rights First reports, "In January, 2012, Russia signed a $550 million contract to provide the Assad regime with attack jets capable of hitting civilian targets on the ground." Then Russia tried "to send four repaired Mi-25 attack helicopters to Syria in June 2012." Around that time, Human Rights Watch sent Syria's Russian arms supplier a list of human rights abuses perpetrated by Assad using Russian weapons. HRW urged Russia to stop sending missiles, fighter jets, and ammunition to Syria, but nothing changed. The Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, a Russian think tank, reports that last year, Russia and its contractors supplied Assad's surface-to-air missile systems, repaired "at least four Syrian Mi-25 helicopters," and apparently upgraded Syrian tanks.

In May of this year, the Finnish Institute of International Affairs reported that Russia had provided Assad with "20 modernized Mi-25 combat helicopters," belying Russia's claims that its arms deliveries were unrelated to the civil war. In June, a HRW official noted:

"Russia has continued to send arms to al-Assad—and not only defensive weapons, as Moscow repeatedly claimed. A recently leaked document reported on by the Washington Post shows the Syrian government requesting 20,000 Kalashnikovs and 20,000,000 bullets as recently as March. And a Russian arms manufacturer just claimed that a contract has been signed to deliver at least 10 fighter jets."

In July, the United Nations' Independent International Commission of Inquiry for Syria reported a "shipment by the Russian Federation of S-300 missile batteries" to Assad. This week, the commission added that "pre-conflict arms deals between Moscow and Damascus continue to be honored." Human Rights First notes that "Russian officials have said they will not halt arms sales to the Assad regime so long as such sales are not prohibited by the U.N. Security Council." In a delightful Catch-22, HRF points out that Russia itself has blocked such attempts at prohibition within the council.