"Damn your eyes!" was a very popular form of verbal abuse in centuries past, especially among the British armed forces, as far as I know. I have come across it numerous times in books about the British Navy during the days of fighting sail (the Napoleonic wars and all that). Usually it's an officer yelling or snapping at some unfortunate underling who has just failed to perform his duties to perfection. It was the equivalent of saying "damn and blast you" or "go to hell" or something like that. If you think about it, damning someone's eyes is a pretty nasty sentiment, because most of us would not be very happy without our eyesight.

Read one of the Horation Hornblower books from cover to cover and I am pretty sure you'll come across the expression somewhere in it.

- LH