M-"Mad Carlota" was name given to the woman in the portrait in "Vertigo", a film that I know you like. Her back story was a fictionalized version of a part of the real Carlota's story--

Her soubriquet is an example of your "casual sexism", she was actually the driving force behind Maximillian--she was determined to be a benevolent monarch: a radical reformer, she was reputed to be fearless, built hospitals, worked tirelessly for the poor, and actually took over Max's role as regent much of the time, She was much involved in directing the military efforts in the ongoing war with the insurgents, and was a formidable diplomat. She was on a mission to France to confront Napoleon III and demand that he restore military support when Max was captured and executed.

At this point, she had a rather public breakdown, and has been generally tagged with the stereotypical "madwoman" label, rather than regarded for either her efforts or her talents and intellect.

Incidentally, she was the daughter of King Leopold I--Marie Charlotte Amelie Augustine Victoire Clementine Leopoldine of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha--