> or because we are culturally conditioned to accept them as making sense?

Cultural conditioning is tricky concept. The Greeks were conditioned to believe in an array of unpredictable gods, for which there was no except Greek intuition.

But the bedrock of logic - deduction on the basis of syllogistic reasoning, and induction based on careful observation - work for everyone who applies them, irrespective of culture.

Some who prays to Hera has only subjective feelings and, perhaps, community support to "determine" whether and how the prayer has been "answered." There are no objective, systematic standards that might overcome skepticism.

If, on the other hand, an ancient Greek were to learn modern calculus and physics - or any other "hard" science - he or she would get the same predictable, objective results as anyone else, regardless of cultural background.