The article The Concertina At Sea" by Dan M. Worrall, a concertina historian, writes:

"These writers reveal that the concertina was indeed very commonly played, and much beloved, on a very wide variety of ships from the 1850s to the First World War: whaling ships, clipper ships, merchant and passenger sailing ships, large schooner yachts, early sail-assisted steamers, commercial steamships, vessels of Arctic exploration, and warships of the British and American navies."

The article is pretty fascinating as a read. It includes a list of known incidents of concertinas on ships from the 1850s-1920s, as well as a detailed history. Very well written and well researched, and exactly what you're looking for