To be exact, it was the Supreme Court --
the judicial branch --
in 1832: state of Georgia versus the Cherokee nation.
Gold had been found on Cherokee land, so Georgia wanted the land.

Chief Justice John Marshall did not have long to live when
this case came to the Supreme Court, and he ruled that
treaties were violated by the state of Georgia seizing the land.
It was then -- this is apocryphal, but much quoted --
that President Jackson said,
"John Marshall has made his decision,
now let him enforce it."