Yes, if a composer (say Johann Schikle) writes a piece, and I come along and change it, perhaps making it faster, slower, major or minor, or having a different number of repeats, then I might say that mine is "Something-or-Other after Johann Schikle." This shows that Johann gets the credit for the creative work, while I get credit for making it more interesting, or whatever I did.

The dance name Hamborgar probably means "dance from Hamburg." In German, we take the name of a city, add -er and get a noun or adjective which means "from that city." Now, we are used to that with respect to sausages, but in Europe it works for anything from that city. It looks like this works in Danish, too.

Wiener - thing or person from Wien (Vienna)
Frankfurter - from Frankfurt
Berliner - from Berlin

However, if the person is female, I believe you add "in" at the end.