In my Instagram feed I follow a number of science-related sites, including one to do with geological features around the world. This morning they posted a photo of Izvor Cetina or Cetina spring, in Croatia. You look at a place like that and instinctively know that it was always an important human site, even in the current rural configuration of the area.

From Wikipedia:

The Cetina Valley and the narrow passage at Klis have always functioned as a principal trade route between the Croatian coast and hinterland. Strategically, it has been pivotal to the development, not only of the Balkans, but also of significant parts of Europe.[3]


Mouth of the Cetina river in Omiš, 2017
The earliest evidence for agricultural activity is from the Early Neolithic in the upper part of the valley. In the Early Bronze Age the Cetina culture, a geographically pervasive group with contacts throughout the Adriatic basin, became dominant. Extensive mound fields are recorded on the lower valley slopes at several locations around Cetina, Vrlika and Bajagic. As in other parts of Europe, the river appears to have been the focus of the intentional deposition of artifacts throughout prehistory. This is particularly true at the confluence of the Cetina and Ruda rivers at Trilj.

The area is intimately associated with the heartland of the Delmatae and the area's strategic importance is emphasised by the citing of the legionary fortress at Tilurium (Gardun), just above today's city of Trilj, which guards the entrance to the valley from the south and the approach to the provincial capital at Salona.

During the early medieval period, toponymic evidence suggests that the Cetina Valley and perhaps the river itself became a frontier between Slavic and Late Roman power. The area around Sinj eventually emerged as a centre of Slavic power and ultimately established itself as a heartland of the Early Croatian State, especially in the areas of its upper flow.

During later periods the area was highly contested and passed between a number of regional and local powers before conquest by the Ottoman Empire during the early 16th century. After this it retained a frontier role between Ottoman Empire and Republic of Venice until the reconquest of the area 150 years later.

Okay as far as that goes, but this is a karst region and that means caves. So I went looking for information about cave art, because if ever a place screamed out to be a Clan of the Cave Bear setting, this is it. :)

The First Cave Art of the Balkans May Date Back 30,000 Years

34,000-Year-Old Figurative Cave Paintings Found in Croatia

PHOTOS: First prehistoric figurative cave art identified in Croatian cave by archaeologists

These stories all seem to be from last year. Here's a story from 2004 by an archeologist from the UK, his version of a published article in a subscription journal. So people can read it for free, one presumes.