Before the UK Budget thread disappears:

Not an entirely unexpected budget, but possibly more taxation rises in due course!

I will continue to suggest methods by which tax may be saved, If Sandman finds that to be "provoking lefties" then that is his problem to live with.

Now:
When setting up a new trading company from scratch, alphabet share arrangements can usually be set up from the start with relatively little complication and without fear of challenge from HMRC.

When changing the shares of an existing company, however, care must be taken to prevent HMRC invoking the settlements rules. Also, if shares are issued to family members at less than their market value and “by reason of their employment”, the transaction may need to be reported to HMRC on form 42 and an income tax charge may result.

To prevent problems with the settlements rules, generally any shares that are to be issued or gifted to family members should have full voting and capital rights, since shares that carry the right to a dividend (but no voting rights etc) represent a right to income (rather than anything more substantial). The gift of a right to income to a spouse or dependent child falls within the settlements rules.

If existing shareholders wish other family members to become shareholders, this is often best achieved by reclassifying and gifting some of the existing shares - rather than the company issuing entirely new shares. A gift of shares to family members does not need to be reported to HMRC on form 42 and, assuming the company is a trading company (rather than an investment company), any chargeable gain on the gift can be held over.

Here is an example of how this works in practice. Mr Smith holds 100 ordinary shares in his trading company ABC Ltd. He is married with two adult children. He reclassifies the shares into 80 A shares, 10 B shares, 5 C shares and 5 D shares, each holding the same rights with respect to voting and capital, but with independent rights to dividends.

Mr Smith then gifts the B shares to his wife, and the C and D shares to each daughter. If the market value of the shares exceeds their original cost, there will be a chargeable gain (even though we are talking about a gift here), but the gift to his wife will be exempt from capital gains tax (CGT) under the spousal transfer exemption, and the gains on the gifts to his daughters can be held over provided both parties make a hold over claim within the prescribed timescales.

Dividends can then be voted independently with respect to each class of share. Mr Smith still retains 80% of the issued share capital and 80% of the voting rights, and therefore retains, for all practical purposes, complete control of the company.

The holders of alphabet shares can receive up to £2,000 in dividends tax free - as can anyone else!

There may be important consequences further down the road, however, if and when ABC Limited is sold or liquidated. Unless Mr Smith’s wife or daughters happen to be directors or employees of the company and meet other qualifying criteria, any gain they make on the subsequent disposal of their B/ C/ D shares may not be eligible for Entrepreneur’s Relief, in which case they would pay CGT at rates of up to 20%, rather than, potentially, just 10%.

With four shareholders as opposed to just one, collectively they might benefit from four CGT Annual Exempt Amounts, but the benefit of that would need to be weighed up against any potential loss of Entrepreneur’s Relief.

A company that wishes to adopt alphabet shares will need to ensure its articles of association contain appropriate provisions spelling out the rights attached to each class of share; legal advice is therefore normally required. The wider consequences, particularly in terms of shareholder control, also need to be carefully considered.

Use the starter rate for savings If your income from a job or pension is below the £12,500 in 2020-21, but you earn income through interest on savings, you may also qualify for the starter savings allowance. Any interest you earn up to £5,000 is tax-free. This will be in addition to your personal savings allowance, meaning you could earn as much as £18,500 before paying tax.!!

Consider this - a profitable farming company making average taxable profits of £300k each year decides to update it's harvesting equipment. It takes out a bank loan for £1,000,000 in April 2021 to buy 2 best quality tractors, a combine harvester and 2 lorries. This attracts a "capital allowances super deduction of £1,300,000. The taxable profit before deduction of capital allowances for the year ended 31 March 2022 is expected to fall to £150k, which after deduction of capital allowances leaves a loss of £1,150,000. This can be carried back for 3 years to relieve £900,000 profits, resulting in a corporation tax refund of £171,000, and the balance of losses amounting to £250k can be carried forward against future profits.

An example of good tax planning by claiming legitimate tax reliefs!!!