I heard a horror story about the clearance of Tasmania being outright extermination.

By contrast, the English takeover of New Zealand was rather remarkable in that the original colonizers gave the indigenous Polynesians, the Maoris, citizenship and honored their land claims, initially. This did not last. In another Mudcat above the line thread mention is made of Governor Robert Fitzroy, who once captained the Beagle and shared quarters with the young Charles Darwin. As Governor of New Zealand, Fitzroy attempted to protect Maori rights and was roundly rejected by the English settlers.

I think I learned about the concept of racism in nutshell form from one of the great broadway songs of all time, "You've Got To Be Carefully Taught". IMHO it's on a par with "Strange Fruit".

I once posted the words of that 1 minute song into an online chat that was going sideways and I was promptly dropped from the chat!