Four from W. Sadler young adult fiction:

“Half-an-hour for breakfast, and then came the pipe – “Hands up anchor.”

The capstan was rigged, the fiddlers struck up –
                “The girl I left behind me,”
and the men stepped out merrily, keeping time to the tune, as if the were homeward instead of outward bound.”
[Perilous Seas, and How Oriana Sailed Them, Sadler, 1876]
Sadler's publisher: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge



“All these discomforts were forgotten the following afternoon when there sounded through the ship the joyous pipe, “Hands up anchor!”

Cheerily the men ran round with the capstan, as the ship's fiddler played “The girl I left behind me;” and up came the anchor to the bows with a load of Medway mud clinging to the flukes….”
[Slavers and Cruisers, A Tale of the West Coast, Sadler, 1881]



“Poor fellows! Their farewells, if not said before, would never be spoken now. All strangers had been ordered out of the ship; the men were heaving round at the capstan to the tune of 'The girl I left behind me;' but not a parting glance could they take at their sweethearts alongside: the anchor came slowly up to the bows, loaded with mud; the tramp of the men ceased, the capstan bars were thrown aside, and the band stopped playing….”
[The Flag-lieutenant: A Story of the Slave Squadron, Sadler, 1883]



“Now at the pipe “Hands up anchor” – which, oddly enough, is always an inspiriting one, no matter whether the ship is about to sail for foreign service or is homeward-bound after a three years' commission – it had always been the custom on board the Chloe for the band to play all sorts of lively airs while the men “heaved round” at the capstan.

In the little brig the ship's fiddler was the sole apology for the band, but the men stepped out just as well as if the strains of “The girl I left behind me” were sounding from a dozen flutes, violins, and bassoons; and never had I seen the anchor run up to the bows so smartly.”
[Sadler, Adventures on the Spanish Main, The Boy's Own Paper, No.238, Vol.V, 1883]

Note: Another half dozen or so early-to-mid 19th century nautical references were posted earlier to Maritime work song in general instead. (Didn't notice the thread title had evolved from "Army." Oops)