There have been plenty of bowed fretted instruments, but as John suggested, many of them were specifically limited in both scale and compass, often, as he said, to accommodate drones.  Viols and similar instruments were frequently fretted, but often those frets were moveable gut loops, and usually only occupied the lower part of the fingerboard; the higher part being unfretted to permit accurate intonation.  I believe that Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull had a fiddle fitted with frets, and he certainly claimed to have recorded "violin" parts on some of their records (Life's a Long Song comes to mind) which sounded pretty convincing.  To my mind, frets would be rather limiting, but that's no reason not to try it, and it could work very well with an electric.  Seriously, though, I'd fret only up to the fifth on each string; anything beyond that would probably be unlikely to give useful results.