There was a lot of borrowing and changing of shore songs to adapt to shipboard work. Railroading songs, church songs, what have you - have been changed through the folk process into chanteys once brought aboard ship. Whites and blacks borrowed and adapted songs from each other, and railroad workers who became sailors might have brought shipboard songs of railroading origin back to the railroads, but as Charley Noble, Barry, and others have stated, it is the song's shipboard work use and how the song is adapted for that use which makes it a chantey. If a song's main claim to fame came about through its adaptation to shipboard work, it is a chantey, but if a call and response work song originated on shore for shore work, and was never found on ships, it wouldn't historically be a chantey, as I understand it.chanteyranger