And then there are the musical anti-conscriptionists:

Franz Schubert Composer, b. at Vienna, 31 January, 1797; d. there 19 November, 1829. He studied under his father, and subsequently under Holzer and Salieri, and in 1807, was first boy soprano in the Lichtenthal choir. In October, 1808, he entered the Imperial Choristers School, and soon gave evidence of extraordinary musical genius as a composer, his first effort being a pianoforte duet, early in 1810. During 1811 and 1812 he produced many instrumental pieces, also a "Salve Regina" and a "Kyrie". He left the Choir School in November, 1812, and took up work as a schoolmaster in order to avoid conscription.

And of course, there's the 16th cent. Scots anti-conscriptionists, mentioned at Dick Gaughan's website article on Thomas Muir and the song Scots Wha Hae:

http://www.dickalba.demon.co.uk/songs/texts/muirnote.html