As a rough guide:All European languages except Basque, Hungarian and Finnish belong to the Indo European group, which dates back to at least 6000 BC. Sanskrit, Latin and Greek were descendents, as were the Celtic, Slavonic and Germanic groups and Persian. Romany is also related.
There are many dead languages in this group, including Hittite.
Arabic, Hebrew, Coptic and many other Middle-East languages belong to a different family, which is split in to Semitic and Hamitic branches (Named after the sons of Noah - Shem and Ham).