Another biography online is Harvey B. Gaul, The Minstrel of the Alleghenies (1934). Major offline books include John Tasker Howard, Stephen Foster: America's Troubadour (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1934; revised ed., 1953), and, more recently, Ken Emerson, Doo-Dah!: Stephen Foster and the Rise of American Popular Culture (1997, 1998). Foster was the first American who tried to make a living as a composer.

~Masato