No more confusion than figuring out where scripts begin and end as I examine scripts already in action in page source code. I recognize the pattern you're describing (by using what I described as pseudocode). The trick is to find where it begins and ends. There is often times something tucked away in the /head/ (I won't use brackets here) part of the page, and then there is the part down in the /body/ that is where the activity is taking place, as defined from above. Or so it seems. Like I say, if I go study this in a day-long session, I'm sure they'll define the parts, the beginning and ending pieces, the proper syntax, and the human contact will help it stick better than reading through the DHTML and JavaScript books. The more I have figured out before I go in, the farther I can get in one of those classes. Thanks!