After some searching, it seems The origins of Music (summary at the link) is the most up-to-date work upon that question.

Same as with the study of languages, in recent years many so called human universals, valid in each culture, are found. If you look into it you'll find that of all theoretically possible 'musics' only a tiny fraction has been used across the world and that the physiology of the human ear and brain is responsible for that.

However, even this tiny fraction allows for many different musics that are 'learned' in a sense of getting used to it by exposure.

Wolfgang