BS: American speech

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Backwoodsman
Date: 01 Sep 26 - 02:30 PM

‘Argey-bargey’ and ‘innit?’ (a contraction of ‘isn’t it?’) are in common usage all over the UK. My parents (both Lincolnshire Yeller-bellies) used ‘argey-bargey’ when I was a nipper back in the ‘50s, and ‘innit?’ seemed to grow in popularity in the ‘90s possibly, as Helen says, as a result of ‘Goodness Gracious Me’ TV show.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: robomatic
Date: 01 Sep 26 - 03:02 PM

That Nicholl quote from SRS is something I once saw as a Youtube comment and I copied it down:

"English does not borrow from other languages. English foollows other languages down dark alleys whacks other languages over their heads goes through their pockets for loose words and phrases usually to misuse them."

Glad to have a source!

American speech of course began LONG before the United States. And since we are near the end of the American epoch, it appears it will be a part of Whatever Comes Next. India probably has more English speakers than our combined cultures right now. And I don't see Chinese achieving world domination just yet.

In the meantime I've enjoyed "RobWords" on Youtube. I do NOT know how learned he is, but he puts on a good show and appears to be quite literate and informed, and brings on good speakers to complement his spiel.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Dave the Gnome
Date: 02 Sep 26 - 08:33 AM

Init was also popularised by Harry Enfield's Greek character, Stavros. He often started his skecth with "'ello peeps" and finished a lot of sentences with "init"

Stavros

I was once in the embarrassing position of having to teach a group of IT people from a Greek company the basics of UNIX. The first process kicked off by the OS and the one from which all others stem is "init"

They either realised that I wasn't taking the piss or had never seen Harry's show

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: MaJoC the Filk
Date: 02 Sep 26 - 09:12 AM

In Days Of Old, there was Coronation Street, where people bored each other in Salford accents. Soporific: my mother was famed for watching it in her sleep.

Nowadays, all the soaps consist of people shouting at each other in Sloven, with a cliffhanger crisis to end every episode (and an explosion to tell you it's a Friday). It's got to the point where viewers resort to watching Friends Classic to get a bit of peace and quiet, so be of good cheer: we may yet see hear "innit" as verbal punctuation being displaced by "G'day".

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 02 Sep 26 - 12:54 PM

Or maybe "Onya!" (short form of "Good on you, mate!").

I never watched the soaps, except for a short stint of watching Eastenders until I became bored. When I was a poor student and after I had moved out of home I used to catch the train up to see my Mum sometimes in the afternoons. She would have the US show Days of Our Lives on the TV but she would be just doing housework or sitting in the next room, not actually sitting down and watching it. What really struck me was that, even if I only visited her every few weeks the show was still stuck on the same loop as my last visit. It was one step forwards and a few steps back and the loops of past events kept on getting played over and over again.

My friends and I used to call it Days of Our Dreary Bloody Lives.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: meself
Date: 02 Sep 26 - 03:07 PM

Once when I was teaching Inuit kids in the Arctic, I overheard one teenaged girl mock another by saying that Coronation Street was her favourite TV show. (CBC was one of the two TV stations they got, and Coronation Street was on daily, IIRC.)

Thought some of the Coronation Street -haters would like that ... !

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 02 Sep 26 - 06:07 PM

And further to my decision to stop "wrangling" livestock - sorry, I mean teenagers:

One-third of school time lost to student misbehaviour, report finds
One-third of lesson time is being lost as student misbehaviour reaches "crisis" levels in rowdy Australian classrooms, according to a new survey of hundreds of teachers across the country.

"Blaise Joseph, a former teacher and education director at the Centre for Independent Studies (CIS), which ran the survey, said teachers reported, on average, losing 9 minutes out of 30 minutes of teaching time to student impropriety.

"'The term 'crisis' should not be used lightly,' he said.

"'But losing almost one-third of teaching time to student misbehaviour is of sufficient scale and urgency to warrant that description.'"

...

"He said this behaviour over time was 'exhausting' for educators and had a significant impact on their wellbeing.

"'One in 10 teachers said it had a significant negative effect on their health and wellbeing in the past week,' he said.

"Female teachers were more likely to report losing teaching time to student misbehaviour and twice as likely to report this having a significant impact on their health and wellbeing.

"'There is lots of anecdotal evidence in recent years that female teachers are especially bearing the brunt of some misogynistic conduct from students,' Mr Joseph said."

...

"The proportion of teachers intending to leave the profession who cited student behaviour as a reason rose from 25 per cent in 2020 to 47 per cent in 2024.

"A Senate inquiry into disruption in classrooms in 2024 also found classroom disruption was a significant and worsening problem, damaging learning time and the teaching workforce."

...

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: The Sandman
Date: 04 Sep 26 - 02:06 AM

According to Green's Dictionary of Slang, the term "ladybird" was historically used in 19th- and early 20th-century American and Australian slang to mean a kept mistress or prostitute
ladybird in east anglia is a Bushy Barnaby

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: robomatic
Date: 04 Sep 26 - 02:32 PM

Language changes that I've adopted have been the use of the soft pronunciation of "schedule" which means that I'm pronouncing it in the English way. I also use some well known internet abbreviations such as "TTFN".

One thing I haven't done and probably will never use is the introduction of the glottal stop into consonental use, such as the 'ing' of gerunds but it shows up all the time in the American world now. It's something I used to associate with Cockney accent, but now I've heard it on the public airwaves.

The purely American use of this is with the increasingly Hawaiian pronunciation of the name: Hawai'i.

I've also heard Americans using the phrase "no worries" which is new to me. I heard it commonly from the people of Down Under, but now I hear it all the time with an American accent.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 04 Sep 26 - 05:32 PM

This isn't an American speech quirk but an English one.

English comedian Chris Ramsey and also the excellent TV documentary presenter Stacey Dooley have a specific way of pronouncing words like "cities" or "geneticists" where the "t" sound between two vowel sounds is not pronounced. Instead it is a soundless stop which I thought was the glottal stop - could be wrong about that.

"Cities" is pronounced "ci-ies" i.e. "ci-[stop]-ies" and "geneticists" is pronounced "gen-e-i-cists" i.e. "gen-e-[stop]-i-cists", with the accent/emphasis in the word on the vowel sound just before the "t".

That pronunciation always surprises me because I don't think I have ever heard an Aussie use that pronunciation or even an English person over here. It seems to be specific to a place in northern or north-eastern England - maybe, but I am not sure.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Backwoodsman
Date: 04 Sep 26 - 06:26 PM

It’s all over England, Helen, but it seems to have got worse since ‘East Enders’ started on BBC TV. I’d also describe it as a glottal-stop.

When I was young, in the East Midlands of England, glottal stops as you describe were very rarely heard.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: meself
Date: 04 Sep 26 - 06:34 PM

I've noticed something similar in mainstream American speech, as I hear it from various media - not exactly a glottal stop, but almost, such that "important" becomes "impor()an()", and "didn't", "di()n't" (or, "ditt()n'").

Also, a slurring of 's' sounds; "especially" becomes "eshpecially"; "esteem" "eshteem", etc. I notice this more in female speakers. Sometimes it seems like a bit of an affectation, but I don't know.

I'm not criticizing, just observing.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 04 Sep 26 - 07:49 PM

Maybe, meself, we females are just pisshed. LOL

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Backwoodsman
Date: 05 Sep 26 - 03:25 AM

That slurring of ‘s’ sounds has become a thing in the UK in recent years. I first noticed it when BBC2 radio introduced a new presenter, Richie Anderson, to read the traffic news - ‘street’ became ‘shtreet’, ‘student’ turned into ‘shtudent’, etc. etc. Since then, it seems to have taken over and become accepted pronunciation.

I do believe that affectations and mis-pronunciations by radio and TV personalities and actors have a tendency to be picked up and taken into everyday speech by listeners and viewers. I’ve always put things like the glottal-stop and the substitution of the ‘f’ or ‘v’ sound for ‘th’ - e.g. ‘noffing’, ‘bovvered’ - down to laziness on the part of the speaker, but the substitution of ‘sh’ for ‘s’ in words like street and student actually makes them more difficult to pronounce - for me at least.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: MaJoC the Filk
Date: 05 Sep 26 - 05:32 AM

Affectations: One chat-show host faked an inability to pronounce 'R' to make himself stand out (possibly at the suggestion of his agent); to this day I can't help think of him as Jonathan Woss, or Wossie. What he succeeded in doing was coming over as a pillock.

One lad at our old church never pronounced sibilants, but that was no affectation: he'd been partially-deaf from birth, notably at the high-frequency end, and never actually heard any sibilants when he was learning to speak. A bright lad, as I remember.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 05 Sep 26 - 05:43 AM

BWM, I suspect that social media influencers are to blame for inspiring people to speak in a similar manner to themselves, and in some cases their speech mannerisms could be deliberately created.

MaJoC, I didn't know Jonathan Woss deliberately decided to do that. I always thought it was unfortunate that he was born with a surname that he couldn't pronounce.

I remember when one of my nephews was young and he couldn't pronounce "l" sounds properly. I realised from watching him that he was holding his tongue further back in his mouth instead of just behind his top front teeth so the "l" sounds were more like "w" sounds - "Mary had a wittew wamb". He practised it a few times with the tongue correctly placed and he never had a problem after that. It was cute when he was very young, but now he has a PhD so it might not work so well for him in his professional life. LOL

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Rain Dog
Date: 05 Sep 26 - 08:02 AM

"One chat-show host faked an inability to pronounce 'R' to make himself stand out (possibly at the suggestion of his agent"

Really? I have never heard any mention of that?

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 05 Sep 26 - 12:54 PM

Rain Dog, that is the first I have heard of it too but having seen him fairly recently on a TV show I was struck with how exaggerated his mispronunciation appears to be. Also I would be surprised if he couldn't correct it or at least improve it with a little advice from a speech pathologist and some practice. I'm keeping an open mind on it. More reading required, maybe.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: The Sandman
Date: 05 Sep 26 - 01:23 PM

I was brought up in london in the 1950s, no one spoke with an" east enders accent"

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 05 Sep 26 - 01:34 PM

I'm cautiously rephrasing my previous comments about Jonathan Ross's Rhotacism - The Speech Impediment Where You Can't Say 'r'

When I have heard him speak it has always sounded to me to be exaggerated but I don't have any evidence on whether he has always spoken that way or whether he has exaggerated it for comic effect. When I have heard people with rhotacism IRL I hear a subtle difference to Wossi's pronunciation. There is usually an 'r' which is almost but not quite there, but in Wossi's case it seems more like a plain and simple "w". I am not an expert. This is just my personal perception. Please ignore my comments if you prefer. Also, please note that I would never ridicule anyone with a speech impediment. It becomes a bit complicated if in Wossi's case he has chosen to ridicule himself for comic effect.

That page I provided the link for is a teaching resources page. Interesting reading.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Nigel Parsons
Date: 05 Sep 26 - 03:57 PM

You mean people can adopt a persona, or speech pattern which is false just to make themselves stand out?

What a modern phenomenon.

It would never have happened in Victoria's time.

"I am not fond of uttering platitudes
In stained-glass attitudes.
In short, my mediaevalism's affectation,
Born of a morbid love of admiration!

If you're anxious for to shine in the high aesthetic line
as a man of culture rare,
You must get up all the germs of the transcendental terms,
and plant them ev'rywhere.
You must lie upon the daisies and discourse in novel phrases
of your complicated state of mind,
The meaning doesn't matter if it's only idle chatter
of a transcendental kind.

And ev'ry one will say,
As you walk your mystic way,
"If this young man expresses himself in terms too deep for me,
Why, what a very singularly deep young man
this deep young man must be!"

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: The Sandman
Date: 05 Sep 26 - 06:44 PM

He ups and yells, 'I'm down on you, I'm up to all yer pranks! Don't I know you for a traitor from the Tipperary ranks?'" just for jonathan Ross

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: robomatic
Date: 05 Sep 26 - 09:21 PM

That () mentioned by Helen and Backwoodsman is exactly what I'm talking about. I call it a glottal stop because that's what I think it is. It used to be something I thought I only heard in Cockney speak but it has landed solidly in the States.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 06 Sep 26 - 01:55 AM

robomatic, I didn't get your reference to " ... the introduction of the glottal stop into consonental use, such as the 'ing' of gerunds". Can you give us some examples please?

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: robomatic
Date: 06 Sep 26 - 02:57 PM

From the word: "hunting" to: "hun'-ing" where the 't' is ghosted.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 06 Sep 26 - 03:05 PM

Ok thanks, robomatic. I didn't get the connection with the missing 't' in words with '-ing' at the end so I thought you were referring to something else.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Backwoodsman
Date: 06 Sep 26 - 03:59 PM

The worst glottal-stop offence I’ve heard here in the East Midlands of England is ‘ta’oo’ (tattoo).

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: keberoxu
Date: 07 Sep 26 - 02:17 PM

Don't know about other regions, but the words
"mitten" and "kitten"
regularly have their double-t's glottal-stopped in America.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Lighter
Date: 07 Sep 26 - 06:05 PM

And "mountain," "fountain," "eaten," "beaten," "catnip," and many more.

Technically, this isn't glottal stop, which is in the back of the throat. This is in the nose. It's called the "nasally released allophone of the phoneme /t/." Or an "alveolar nasal" for short.

Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is [tn].

Enunciating the /t/ in such words in the "prescribed" way will usually mark you as either a non-native speaker of American English or else archaic and a little bit weird. (It's forgivable - sometimes - in very formal contexts.)

Chances are the alveolar nasal has existed in English informal speech here and there for centuries.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: robomatic
Date: 07 Sep 26 - 06:54 PM

Oh, Lighter! I was COUNTING on someone to enlighten me on the proper interpretation of the phonemes and the 'stops' I'll promptly make myself annoying in Starbucks with my friends!

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Lighter
Date: 07 Sep 26 - 07:23 PM

Before you do that, note that the n in what came out here as [tn] should be a tiny superscript, not a full-sized letter.

This knowledge will really impress people. They'll want your autograph.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: BobL
Date: 08 Sep 26 - 02:31 AM

The stopped 't' is a noted speech feature in the town of Luton. And (as I think I mentioned in another post somewhere) the nearby village of Billington is locally known as Billi''n.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Tattie Bogle
Date: 08 Sep 26 - 10:16 AM

Glo'al stops common here in Sco'land too!

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Charmion
Date: 08 Sep 26 - 11:23 AM

I hear the American glottal stop most often from a presenter on an NPR podcast I listen to occasionally. I never heard it at all until maybe 10 years ago and, when I hear it now, it's always from a someone born after about 1995. It's an odd affectation.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 08 Sep 26 - 01:24 PM

Charmion, I don't think I have ever heard an Aussie doing the glottal stop.

(That could be the name of a new dance, perhaps. Now Bill Oddie's song "doing, doing, doing the funky gibbon" just popped into my head. If he was still with us he could write a new song "doing, doing, doing the glottal stop". :-D )

Even on TV I can't think of any Aussie presenters or people being interviewed who have used that pronunciation unless they are from a country or area in the world where it is common. If it is influenced by social media then it is possible that younger people might start using it. Wait and see, I guess.

Currently the DNA Family Secrets TV show is being broadcast in Oz with Stacey Dooley presenting it. In the show I saw last Saturday, one of the people whose family was being traced through DNA was Scottish and I also noticed the glottal stop in some of his words.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Lighter
Date: 08 Sep 26 - 01:25 PM

As someone mentioned, the recently spreading pronunciation of "Hawai'i" really does feature a glottal stop: the sound comes from the throat rather than the nose. (I can't think of any other normal American examples offhand.)

The stop mirrors the native Polynesian pronunciation, which is regarded by many as more "correct."

For added complexity, "Hawai'i" (with the "okina," not an apostrophe, indicating the glottal stop) became the official U.S. spelling and pronunciation for the *island* of Hawai'i (usually just called the "Big Island") in the 1990s.

But - wait for it - the name of the state is still "Hawaii."

Since we're speaking English, not Hawaiian, I don't see a non-political point, but what do I know? By the same reasoning "Colorado,""California," and "Texas" should be pronounced as in Spanish.

And the Dakotas should be given the Santee Sioux pronunciation.

Etc.

PS: The native pronunciation of "Hawai'i" uses a v-type sound instead of the English w. So to be even more "correct" in English, you should say "Havai'i."

Some people do. With or without the stop.

Except that the actual Hawaiian-language pronunciation is closer to an f than a v....

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: meself
Date: 08 Sep 26 - 02:26 PM

Charmion: Is what you're hearing not what Lighter has identified as an "alveolar nasal" rather than a "glottal stop"?

Lighter: I figured the pronunciation of Hawai'i with the glottal stop comes more from more people visiting Hawaii and otherwise being exposed to native Hawai'ian-speakers, rather than affectation or (misguided?) fastidiousness, such that the glottal-stop pronunciation becomes natural to them - as in Canada, first-language English-speakers tend to pronounce Quebec as "Kay-bec" or "Ke-bec" if they've spent much time in that province, rather than "Kwe-bec", which is standard in "English Canada". Am I wrong?

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 08 Sep 26 - 04:22 PM

In the last year or more, I have heard on TV that we Aussies have been mispronouncing Maori, the First Nations people of New Zealand. I have always heard it pronounced like "Mow'ri" where the accent or emphasis is on the first syllable and it sounds like "now" and not "know" or "mow". A Maori man politely pointed out on TV that it is pronounced with the first syllable rhyming with "mow" or "know". The accent is still on the first syllable. He also seemed to slightly emphasise the vowel sound as if it had two sounds but he seemed to be saying "Mow'(a)ri".

I feel bad that we have been mispronouncing it all of this time so I am happy that he pointed it out to all of the Aussies. We want to be good neighbours to the people of NZ, and especially the First Nations people.

Lighter, you know more about the difference between glottal stops and the alveolar nasal effect, so I'll try to refer to that pronunciation correctly. When I try to replicate those pronunciations with the missing "t" sound I tend to notice the effect in my throat and not my nasal area but being a non-native to areas where the pronunciation is common I might be doing it wrong.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Charmion
Date: 08 Sep 26 - 04:51 PM

Meself, I honestly can’t hear any difference between an alveolar and a glottal stop. Maybe I could if I heard it in real life, but from a recording filtered through an iPhone — well, my ears just ain’t that discriminating.

In Canada, the Pacific coastal island group once officially named after Queen Charlotte is now known as Haida Gwai’i — with that same “okina” diacritic in the written form and glottal-ish stop when spoken. I have no idea if Haida is related to Polynesian languages, but I would not be a bit surprised.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Lighter
Date: 08 Sep 26 - 05:36 PM

Meself, you're probably right in a general way, but surely different people have different motives in changing their language habits. One size probably does not fit everyone - and never does.

When I was a lad, everybody I heard on TV news (which I listened to far too much) said "HiroSHEEma" and "CaribBEan."

Then, maybe in the '60s, they switched to "HiROshima" and "CarRIBbean."

I will not switch, because it would be uncurmudgeonly to do so.

Allow me to ramble to something else, though it relates to grammar, not pronunciation.


About 25 years ago I noticed that CNN anchors had switched from the idiomatic "job market" to the unnecessarily, super-fastidious plural "jobs market."

When I mentioned it to my class of undergraduates (born around 1982) they said it was hard to believe.

Now, not only is "jobs market" nearly the only form I hear (at least on TV), this pluralization has extended everywhere. I have heard "a 25-years-old photographer," "a ten-feet drop," "teeth care," and many more.

I suspect that some people who use these forms started in childhood because singular attributives sounded illogical, and as they grew they spread it to others, who suddenly began to think the same thing: "It *must* be wrong - even though I've never thought of it before!"


And I can't tell you how many years it's been since I heard a living person say, "Between you and me." But contrariwise, I've never heard anyone say, "It's I" - not even my grandparents, who were born in the 1880s.

Shakespeare used "between you and I" at least once, but he was then in the minority. But in the expression "between you, me, and the lamppost" (i.e., just between us), "I" is never used - yet.

Fifty years ago, the Chaucerian scholar Professor John Fisher informed me: "Language isn't logical. It's psychological."

Which is worth remembering.

Helen: say "mountain" and "fountain" aloud with the glottal of"Hawai'i" and you may hear and feel the difference. The glottal comes from back in the throat, the alveolar comes from the back of the nose. The latter is a softer sound.

If you pronounce "mountain" with the glottal stop of "Hawai'i" (or the first "aye" of "Aye, aye!" or the t's of Cockney "bottle") it will sound rather strange - more like "moun UHN" The stress will seem to fall unnaturally on the second syllable.

It may take practice!

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Lighter
Date: 08 Sep 26 - 09:01 PM

Charmion, it seems to be unclear whether Haida is somehow related to the nearby Athabaskan languages or if it has no known or surviving linguistic relatives at all. (Basque is similar in that way.)

In any case, Haida seems not to bear any relation to Hawaiian or other languages of the Pacific.

There are said to be fewer than 15 living native speakers.

And now that I've looked into it, I can report that the ' in Haida Gwai'i is not an okina.

It's called..."an apostrophe." But it's an apostrophe used for a very different purpose.

It indicates an "ejective consonant." We don't have these in English. It resembles a glottal stop, but is "pronounced with a sudden burst of air from the glottis." A bit like clearing your throat.

Haida Gwai'i has glottal stops too. These are indicated by a period. They are "phonemic"; in other words, they contrast meaningfully with other sounds, like the ejective consonant.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 08 Sep 26 - 10:38 PM

Charmion, I can't hear the difference either and I don't hear it in real life. Chris Ramsey, who I've only ever seen on TV, seems to me to have the worst examples of the pronunciation method, IMHO.

Just as I was finishing my teacher training graduate diploma I heard of a new method to "teach" reading to children. (I say "teach" because the information I read about it showed little or no actual useful teaching as far as I could see. In fact I suspected it would create major barriers to literacy abilities.) I don't know the name of the method or the author/creator of it. I laughed out loud and thought that it was a quick-fix money maker and it would be gone and forgotten within months. Unfortunately, someone in power put the "method" in place in Australian schools and it is only now, 50 years later that the education decision makers are recommending the return to teaching reading using phonics. (Hallelujah!!)

The proposed method was to somehow magically get children to recognise whole words without spelling and sounding out the words, letter by letter, ie. without using phonics.

The English language is complicated enough with words and spelling variations originating from different languages and cultures. Even with phonics it can be difficult.

I just used example of "now" and "know" in my last post. The pronunciation of the "o" sound is different in each, and then there is the silent "k". After learning to sound out words the learner also has to know that there are variations of sounds for the vowels and some of the consonants, including similar sounding words with completely different spelling and meaning. Examples are the verb "bow" (bow to show respect) and the noun "bough" and also the noun "bow" (rhymes with "know", to tie a bow in a ribbon) or "bow" of a ship (rhymes with "now") so the same word with different pronunciations and meanings. The context of the sentence gives the clue to the word's pronunciation and meaning.

The proposed method made me really angry, way back then, but even angrier now that there are education decision makers who have suddenly found the benefits of good, old fashioned phonics.

What makes me even angrier is that literacy levels have dropped over those decades and that also means that some parents and even grandparents are unable to teach the children in their families how to read well, so the effect has been multiplied over the generations. I don't know the statistics but I suspect that lower social class students would have been more vulnerable to the negative effects. I was lucky that my working class parents both loved reading so they taught us to read and enjoy books from a very young age. Not everyone is so lucky.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 09 Sep 26 - 02:47 PM

So, regarding my last post, imagine this. An adult is reading a picture book to a child to help her/him in learning to read.

There is a picture in the book of someone sitting on a couch, knitting a mitten with the words shown on the page. Now imagine that the adult reading the words and pointing to the relevant parts of the picture pronounces it as "si'()ing on a couch, kni'()ing a mi'()en" because he/she does not make the "t" sound. And, it is also possible that the adult does not make the "ing" sound but makes the sound "in" instead or maybe even just "n" if the "i" is not spoken as written. [Note: there is a symbol for pronouncing vowel sounds like "e" and "i" with that hard to define sound, but I can't remember what it is.] In that case it would be very difficult for a child to know how a word ending in "en" is different from a word ending in "ing".

If a child has not been taught to sound out all of the letters in a word then the chances of recognising a whole word are very unlikely. If the adult teaching the child was also taught to read in the same way and has that particular way of pronouncing words then what is the probability that the child will correctly read and understand the words as written on the page?

I have seen an excellent documentary show Lost for Words on Australian TV in the last couple of years where a group of adults of varying ages who have had literacy issues all their lives are given the chance to learn to read. A lot of the teaching method is based on phonics, and also showing them words which sound the same but have different spelling and meanings, i.e. homophones. All of the adult participants improved their reading skills by the time the classes ended. It was inspiring.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 11 Sep 26 - 12:49 AM

I have also noticed on Oz TV that some of the young journalists have a habit of saying "Prime Mini-Sta-a-a-argh" (i.e. "Prime Minister") and even the older Speaker of the House of Parliament yells out "orda-a-a-argh" (i.e. "order!") when he wants people to stop talking over other people. The journalists emphasise and lengthen the last syllable but the Speaker of the House sounds like a deep-voiced monster in a graveyard at midnight. IMHO

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: meself
Date: 11 Sep 26 - 03:51 PM

And another thing! A speech habit that emerged, in Canada at least, with my sons' generation (b. 1980s), particularly in extraverts: I hear it all the time on the radio from musicians and event-organizers promoting their latest ventures - and that is, repeated interjections of an enthusiastic "yeah!" into their discourse. Example: "So, yeah!, it's this Tuesday, and, yeah!, it's going to be a great time, and yeah! you can still get tickets, and yeah! you should get right on it if you want one, 'cause yeah! they're going fast. So yeah! come on out and we'll see you there ... and ... yeah!"

Is that everywhere now? I'm trying not to let it bug me ... !

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 12 Sep 26 - 12:14 AM

Or replace the "yeah" with the word "like".

"And I was, like, going to the park, like, and this dog was there, like, and the next thing he was, like, yapping at me ..."

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: JennieG
Date: 12 Sep 26 - 02:41 AM

Yes, Helen.....I have been saying for several years that if the word 'like' was abolished from the English language, every teenager everywhere would be struck dumb.

Like.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: FreddyHeadey
Date: 12 Sep 26 - 07:05 PM

There's an interesting quote (1919 \ 1921) from HL Menken on Ben Miller's blog The Survival of Archaic English in the American Dialect

A very large number of words and phrases, many of them now exclusively American, are similar survivals from the English of the seventeenth century, long since obsolete or merely provincial in England.
Among nouns Thornton notes fox-fire, flap-jack, jeans, molasses, beef (to designate the live animal), chinch, cordwood, home-spun, ice-cream, julep and swingle-tree;
Halliwell adds andiron, bay-window, cesspool, clodhopper, cross-purposes, greenhorn, loop-hole, ragamuffin and trash; and other authorities cite stock (for cattle), fall (for autumn), offal, din, underpinning and adze.
Bub, used in addressing a boy, is very old English, but survives only in American.
Flapjack goes back to Piers Plowman, but has been obsolete in England for two centuries.
Muss, in the sense of a row, is also obsolete over there, but it is to be found in “Anthony and Cleopatra.”
Char, as a noun, disappeared from English a long time ago, save in the compound, charwoman, but it survives in America as chore.
Among the verbs similarly preserved are to whittle, to wilt and to approbate.
To guess, in the American sense of to suppose, is to be found in “Henry VI”: Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do make our entrance several ways.
In “Measure for Measure” Escalus says “I guess not” to Angelo. The New English Dictionary offers examples much older—from Chaucer, Wycliffe and Gower.
To interview is in Dekker.
To loan, in the American sense of to lend, is in and Henry VIII, but it dropped out of use in England early in the eighteenth century, and all the leading dictionaries, both in English and American, now call it an Americanism.
To fellowship, once in good American use but now reduced to a provincialism, is in Chaucer.
Even to hustle, it appears, is ancient.

Among adjectives, homely, which means only homelike or unadorned in England, was used in its American sense of plain-featured by both Shakespeare and Milton.
Other such survivors are burly, catty-cornered, likely, deft, copious, scant and ornate.
Perhaps clever also belongs to this category, that is, in the American sense of amiable.

Source quoted from:
"Mencken, H.L. (Henry Louis), 1880–1956. The American language: An inquiry into the development of English in the United States, by H.L. Mencken. 2nd ed., rev. and enl. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1921."

www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/43376/pg43376-images.html

Ben Miller's blog
https://outofthiscentury.wordpress.com/2010/03/31/the-survival-of-archaic-english-in-the-american-dialect/

Here's another bit of Menken

The American language, as we have seen, has begun to take in the English boot and shop, and it is showing hospitality to head-master, haberdasher and week-end, but subaltern, civil servant, porridge, moor, draper, treacle, tram and mufti are still strangers in the United States, as bleachers, picayune, air-line, campus, chore, scoot, stogie and hoodoo are in England.

www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/43376/pg43376-images.html

I think I don't bat an eyelid now for campus, chore, scoot, ,,, but I think I do have recollections fiftysomething years ago of thinking 'campus' was a bit of a fancy word.
Apparently his 'air-line' was what we, the English, call a bee-line.

and for a list of words see the link in CONTENTS to
The Two Vocabularies
www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/43376/pg43376-images.html

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Helen
Date: 12 Sep 26 - 07:20 PM

Wow, FreddyHeadey! Thanks for the interesting word information and the links. I have the feeling that if I went down the rabbit-hole and read all of those links I might never get back up to the surface again.

Subject: RE: BS: American speech
From: Lighter
Date: 13 Sep 26 - 07:39 AM

To "fellowship" is still in everyday use in the U.S. in religious, especially Evangelical, contexts.