Subject: Lyr Add: BARBARA FRIETCHIE (J G Whittier)
From:
SINSULL
Date: 22 Sep 00 - 09:33 AM
MTed - brought back the shivers.
Sea Fever - I haven't read it in ages. Thank you, Michael.
More than you will ever need to know about Barbara Frietche. She is fictional by some accounts but has a grave and haunts several old Maryland homes by others. I see her in the faces of old women in war torn countries all over the world.
John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892)
BARBARA FRIETCHIE
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Original Text: The Complete Poetical Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Cambridge edition, ed. H. E. S. (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1894): 342-43. PS 3250 E94 1894 Robarts Library.
First Publication Date: 1863.
Representative Poetry On-line: Editor, I. Lancashire; Publisher, Web Development Group, Inf. Tech. Services, Univ. of Toronto Lib.
Edition: RPO 1998. © I. Lancashire, Dept. of English (Univ. of Toronto), and Univ. of Toronto Press 1998.
In-text Notes are keyed to line numbers.
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1 Up from the meadows rich with corn,
2 Clear in the cool September morn,
3 The clustered spires of Frederick stand
4 Green-walled by the hills of Maryland.
5 Round about them orchards sweep,
6 Apple and peach tree fruited deep,
7 Fair as the garden of the Lord
8 To the eyes of the famished rebel horde,
9 On that pleasant morn of the early fall
10 When Lee marched over the mountain-wall;
11 Over the mountains winding down,
12 Horse and foot, into Frederick town.
13 Forty flags with their silver stars,
14 Forty flags with their crimson bars,
15 Flapped in the morning wind: the sun
16 Of noon looked down, and saw not one.
17 Up rose old Barbara Frietchie then,
18 Bowed with her fourscore years and ten;
19 Bravest of all in Frederick town,
20 She took up the flag the men hauled down;
21 In her attic window the staff she set,
22 To show that one heart was loyal yet.
23 Up the street came the rebel tread,
24 Stonewall Jackson riding ahead.
25 Under his slouched hat left and right
26 He glanced; the old flag met his sight.
27 "Halt!" -- the dust-brown ranks stood fast.
28 "Fire!" -- out blazed the rifle-blast.
29 It shivered the window, pane and sash;
30 It rent the banner with seam and gash.
31 Quick, as it fell, from the broken staff
32 Dame Barbara snatched the silken scarf.
33 She leaned far out on the window-sill,
34 And shook it forth with a royal will.
35 "Shoot, if you must, this old gray head,
36 But spare your country's flag," she said.
37 A shade of sadness, a blush of shame,
38 Over the face of the leader came;
39 The nobler nature within him stirred
40 To life at that woman's deed and word;
41 "Who touches a hair of yon gray head
42 Dies like a dog! March on!" he said.
43 All day long through Frederick street
44 Sounded the tread of marching feet:
45 All day long that free flag tost
46 Over the heads of the rebel host.
47 Ever its torn folds rose and fell
48 On the loyal winds that loved it well;
49 And through the hill-gaps sunset light
50 Shone over it with a warm good-night.
51 Barbara Frietchie's work is o'er,
52 And the Rebel rides on his raids no more.
53 Honor to her! and let a tear
54 Fall, for her sake, on Stonewall's bier.
55 Over Barbara Frietchie's grave,
56 Flag of Freedom and Union, wave!
57 Peace and order and beauty draw
58 Round thy symbol of light and law;
59 And ever the stars above look down
60 On thy stars below in Frederick town!
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NOTES
Other poems by John Greenleaf Whittier ...
The poet's life and works ...
Composition Date:
not known.
Form:
couplets.
1.
"This poem was written in strict conformity to the account of the incident as I had it from respectable and trustworthy sources. It has since been the subject of a good deal of conflicting testimony, and the story was probably incorrect in some of its details. It is admitted by all that Barbara Frietchie was no myth, but a worthy and highly esteemed gentlewoman, intensely loyal and a hater of the Slavery Rebellion, holding her Union flag sacred and keeping it with her Bible; that when the Confederates halted before her house, and entered her dooryard, she denounced them in vigorous language, shook her cane in their faces, and drove them out; and when General Burnside's troops followed close upon Jackson's, she waved her flag and cheered them. It is stated that May Quantrell, a brave and loyal lady in another part of the city, did wave her flag in sight of the Confederates. It is possible that there has been a blending of the two incidents." [Whittier's note, p. 342]
3.
Frederick: northern Maryland town.
10.
Lee: Robert Edward Lee (1807-70), American confederate general, victor in the Civil War battles of the Seven Days, Cedar Run, Bull Run, and Chancellorsville, loser in the battles of Antietam River and Gettysburg, and eventually (as commander of all the Confederate armies) the one who surrendered at Appomattox on February 9, 1865.
24.
Stonewall Jackson: Thomas Jonathan Jackson (1824-63), confederate general with Lee.
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