Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama

Subject: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 07:19 AM

2000 years of Popular Music, Dance and Drama

How much do you know about the history of music, dance and drama?

Try this True/False quiz. There's an entry for each complete AD century. In each case, you need to say whether or not the statement is true and (if so) who or what it refers to and (as near as possible) when. If it's false, it would be useful to know why (or why people might be misled into believing that it's true).

0-100 - A Roman writer describes sword dancing among the Germanic tribes.
100-200 - The Guitar is introduced to Polish folk singing, from where it will be taken to Rome during the next century.
200-300 - The son of an Alexandrian barber invents the organ for use in Christian services.
300-400 - An Arabic text, containing several chapters on music, is the first to clearly describe the octave.
400-500 - An eastern visitor attempts to introduce an early version of punk rock to Rome, but dies on his wedding night.
500-600 - The Pope introduced planchant into the Christian service.
600-700 - An untutored shepherd who could not sing becomes the first singer-songwriter in the English language.
700-800 - Harps, of a triangular design, are depicted on stones in Wales.
800-900 - Bishop Asser describes the Christmas Mummers Play as seen by King Alfred at Chippenham.
900-1000 - Both church bells and hand bells were in use in England, the latter for tune playing.
1000-1100 - The original "Tonic Sol-Fa" system was invented, with notes Ut-Re-Mi-Fa-Sol-La.
1100-1200 - The first "Morality Play". All parts, except The Devil, were performed in plainchant.
1200-1300 - A licentious Thames Valley monk owned a copy of an idyllic song in 4 part harmony, still frequently recorded.
1300-1400 - Bagpipers were accused of introducing the Black Death into England and piping was banned.
1400-1500 - Dance steps and music for "The Beginning of The World" were published.
1500-1600 - A well known jester danced from Norwich to London in 23 days.
1600-1700 - One of the oldest dances enjoyed in the New World by the colonists was first published in England by Sir Roger De Coverley.
1700-1800 - One of the first English "Musicals" runs for 62 days to create a record. Its successor is banned.
1800-1900 - A helix invented by an American revolutionises popular music. Things improve still further when the helix becomes a spiral.
1900-2000 - Tap dancing evolves from European and American clog and step dancing.

Answers, as usual, on the forum. Collaboration strongly encouraged.

Good luck.
Ian

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: Mr Happy
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 08:27 AM

helix- cylinder recordings?- spiral- flat cicular records?

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: Mr Happy
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 08:32 AM

jester- st vitus?

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: greg stephens
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 09:03 AM

well I'll have a bash at a few.
600-700 is True. Caedmon is the fellow concerned.
1200-1300 is False. It refers to "Summer is icumen in", but it's in 6 parts, not four.
1700-1800 is True, referring to John Gay's "Beggar's Opera".
1600-1700 is False. The dance was maybe published AS Sir Roger de Coverley, but not BY Sir Roger de Coverley, for a guess.

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 09:45 AM

Good start.

You nearly got me with the Sumer Is Icumen In, Greg ... had me sweating for a while. The 4 part harmony thing was just tongue in cheek, so I checked the original manuscript and there's only the melody line. It's polyphonic because it's a round. Here's my notes for yours ... good work.

600-700 - TRUE. Caedmon was attached as a labourer to the double monastery of Whitby (Streoneshalh), founded in 657 by St. Hilda. The story given by Bede is that one night, when the servants of the monastery were gathered about the table for good-fellowship, and the harp was passed from hand to hand, Caedmon, knowing nothing of singing or poetry, left the company for shame, as he had often done, and retired to the stable, as he was assigned that night to the care of the draught cattle. As he slept, there stood by him in vision one who called him by name, and bade him sing. "I cannot sing, and therefore I left the feast." "Sing to me, however, sing of Creation." Thereupon Caedmon began to sing in praise of God verses which he had never heard before. Of these verses, called Caedmon's hymn, at least 3 versions survive in Old English.

1200-1300 - TRUE. There had to be one really easy one. There's a copy of the manuscript online here along with some notes, summarised here. British Library, MS Harley 978, is a manuscript from Reading Abbey dating from the mid-thirteenth century. Reading Abbey, however, did not have a scriptorium, and the MS was probably copied at Oxford. It was probably owned by one of the three Reading monks it mentions, William of Winchester, a lover of music whose history was otherwise undistinguished and occasionally scandalous; on a visit to Leominster Priory in the 1270s, he was brought before the Bishop of Hereford for incontinence with a number of women, including a nun of Limebrook Priory. The manuscript is a miscellaneous compilation, mainly of Latin and French texts, useful or entertaining rather than devotional; it includes other musical pieces (all religious), medical material, Goliardic satires, the earliest and best text of the Lais of Marie de France, and a French poem on hawking. Sumer is icumen in is the only Middle English text in the manuscript, and it is possible that it was included primarily for its musical interest.

1600-1700 - FALSE, though it says so on this site! "The Virginia Reel" is an American variation of the English dance "Sir Roger de Coverley". The dance first appeared in the 1695 edition of Playford's "The Dancing Master" under the title "Roger of Coverly". Following the appearance of the popular fictional character, Sir Roger de Coverley (Addison 1711), the name was subtly changed (though never in Playford). How the fiction got about is explained in a footnote here. See here for details of the Playford dance.

1700-1800 - TRUE. John Gay's Beggars Opera was not an opera in the usual sense of the word, but rather a "Musical". More information here.

Mr Happy ... fine so far, but is it true? and why?

:-)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: DMcG
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 09:58 AM

1500-1600 is Kemp's Jig

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 11:04 AM

Getting there with Kemp ... True of False?

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: DMcG
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 11:07 AM

False: it was 9 days and I *think* he was an actor, not a jester.

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: DMcG
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 11:23 AM

500-600 - The Pope introduced planchant into the Christian service.

Tricky one. Pope Gregory did introduce plainchant (not planchant, so oviously the answer is FALSE!) but it is not what we know as plainchant which didn't really become established until a couple of hundred years later.

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: Wolfgang
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 11:49 AM

0-100: Tacitus (Germania), Sports. Passion for Gambling. One and the same kind of spectacle is always exhibited at every gathering. Naked youths who practise the sport
    bound in the dance amid swords and lances that threaten their lives.

Wolfgang

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: Wolfgang
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 12:18 PM

perhaps you'd prefer to read it in the original language:

Genus spectaculorum unum atque in omni coetu idem. Nudi iuvenes, quibus id ludicrum est, inter gladios se atque infestas frameas
saltu iaciunt.

So, it's true (except that some parts of the text may have been written later than 98 which is usually taken as the date of his 'De origine et situ Germanorum')

Wolfgang

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: GUEST
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 12:47 PM

Gregorian chant, a more organized form of plain song, was introduced by Gregory (duh obvious answer). It went through various changes in Italy. St Ambrose is credited with introducing plain song (but records unclear); this form of unified chant may be older. As one word, plainchant is not very old.
Guitar- the cithara goes way back, probably with the lyre as antecedent, but at which point in its evolution you would call it a guitar, I dunno. I would say false.
I agree with Wolfgang on the sword dancing.
The first morality play. I performed in a medieval German morality play when I was studying German. This would be a tough one to track down.
I am afraid I would have to look up the rest that remain unanswered, and that would b cheating (only done with crosswords).

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 12:47 PM

Wolfgang

One up to you. You can't find a copy in braille on the web, can you? Here's my notes:

0-100 - TRUE. Though this is not the "hilt and point" sword dancing common throughout Europe from as early as the 14th Century. Tacitus (Germania) said - "Sports. Passion for Gambling. One and the same kind of spectacle is always exhibited at every gathering. Naked youths who practise the sport bound in the dance amid swords and lances that threaten their lives. Experience gives them skill and skill again gives grace; profit or pay are out of the question; however reckless their pastime, its reward is the pleasure of the spectators."   Similar dances still appear to be practised in Serbia.

DMcG

er ... well, actually (and surprisingly enough) Kemp's "9 Days Wonder" did take 23 days. He also describes himself as a jester (among other things) though he was also an actor (among other things) ... still, you may be right ...

:-)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: Wolfgang
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 01:07 PM

Not on the web, I'm afraid, but the Bayerische Blindenbücherei in Nuremberg has a Braille edition of the Germania in German.

Wolfgang (grinning)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: DMcG
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 01:27 PM

Oh, well, its the dunces cap for me again!

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: greg stephens
Date: 22 Oct 02 - 04:18 PM

"Summer is icumen in" is definitely in six parts, revolutionary as this may seem for the date.While the tune is written as a single line,there are clear Latin instructions indicating where the second and subsequent singers come in to make it into a round. This generates four lines going together. In addition there is a two part "pes"("foot" in Latin) which is a continuous bit which underpinsthe melody line. This adds two more parts, making six in all. And the whole thing sounds amazizngly modern for the date. There are all sorts of books around saying that spacemen landed and taught various ancient cultures new tricks like pyramid building. My candidate for a theory likethis would be "Summer is icumen in"...it stands to reason nobody could have written this music at that date. And in Reading!!

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 06:36 AM

Well, so far you've got 0-100, 600-700, 1200-1300, 1600-1700 and 1700-1800. DMcG's right with Kemp, but for the wrong reason. Any takers on that one? The clue's in the question.

Wot about the bells?

:-)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: DMcG
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 06:53 AM

I'll have another bash at Kemp: is it the "A well-known jester" bit? He only became well-known as a result of the dance, or is that reading the English too carefully?

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: greg stephens
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 07:16 AM

Well if I read all the posts correctly the Kemp answwr is meant to be false, on some technicality of the wording of the question. I'm stumped. he was well-known, he was a jester, he did dance from Norwich to London in 23 days, or so we are told, and it was in 1600 so the date fits. Looks true to me.

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: greg stephens
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 07:23 AM

Correction, it's FALSE. he danced from London toNorwich.

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: DMcG
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 07:37 AM

1400-1500 - Dance steps and music for "The Beginning of The World" were published.

Sellenger's Round, also known as "The Beginning of the World", was in the first edition of Playford in 1651. Anyone care to stick their neck out and say whether it was published earlier somewhere else?
Orchesographie also has the wrong date (1589) and it certainly doesn't contain anything called The Beginning of the World.

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: DMcG
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 07:50 AM

http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/lod/vol2/ecd_16th.html

According to the site above, the earliest date for Sellenger's Round is 1593. Of couse, its quite possible that someone, somewhere wrote about a dance from some African, American or Asian community re-enacting their stories of the beginning of the world. (Not that anthropology was a major subject in those days!)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 08:38 AM

Well done DMcG / Greg ...

1500-1600 - FALSE. William Kemp's "9 Days Wonder" did take 23 days, but he danced from London to Norwich. A copy of his account is here.

For "The Beginning Of The World, you're doing OK with the Terminus Ante Quem but can you find a Terminus Post Quem ... if so, problem solved. (I though that was really clever ... a "Terminus Post Quem! for the beginning of the world!)

Anyone considered having a go at the Sol-Fa system yet?

:-)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 08:57 AM

Sorry. I seem to have missed a couple of posts up above.

GUEST is right that Ambrosian Chant preceded Gregorian Chant (both are "plainsong" or "plainchant" according to the normal definition).

500-600 - FALSE. The ritual music of the early Christian Church, as distinct from later polyphonic music, consisted of unaccompanied melodic lines deriving from natural intonation, with flexible rhythms to fit the Latin prose of the daily services. Probably initially influenced by Jewish liturgical chant, its melodic basis derived from the Greek system of modes. At the end of the 6th century, during the papacy of Gregory I, it was codified as Gregorian chant. Earlier codifications included Ambrosian Chant, a type of plainsong now lost, associated with St Ambrose, Bishop of Milan 374-397, who reorganized singing and tonality in the Christian church.

On the Cithara (guitar), I'd advise that (particularly with early dates) I'm sometimes a bit tongue in cheek and I try not to be too pedantic about the questions anyway.

German's a good start for the Morality Play (which might not be so tough to track down with a little collaboration) ... a hint from one person might well lead to a solution from another, so where's Wolfgang?

As for looking things up ... well, there's the whole internet in front of you so keep up the good work!!!

:-)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: Wolfgang
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 09:00 AM

I cheated and searched: History of Sol-fa notation

They agree there with Ian and say: 11th century

Wolfgang

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: greg stephens
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 09:03 AM

1000-1100: True(probably). A monk caled Guido inArezzzo in Itly, is credited with developing stave notation, and also sol-fa. The latter came from the initial syllables of lines in an old hymn, each line starting one note higher up th scale.The sol-fainvention was credited to him inthe Chronicle of Tours in 1033/ The hymn, called "Utqueant laxis"(Ut instead of do in early sol-fa)) is credited to Paul the Deacon, fl 774AD. His favourite cat was a tabby,called Tiddles, which ate Whiskas.

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: Wolfgang
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 09:10 AM

At some point in history, somebody, somewhere must have started to experiment with a mechanical version of the Pan Pipes, one that had a greater compass and greater power.

    We don't know who first started along this road, but we do know who was generally recognized as the inventor of such an instrument, the first pipe organ.

    His name was Ktesibius and he lived in Alexandria (in what is now Egypt) in the third century BC. The son of a local barber, he was an engineer specializing in hydraulic and pneumatic devices.

    What Ktesibius did was to combine the Pan Pipes with a means of providing a supply of compressed air and a means of controlling the arrival of this air to each pipe. In doing so, he devised the instrument that is the direct ancestor of the modern pipe organ.

found here: http://www.google.de/search?q=cache:ZlXaps6iG94C:www.aq.upm.es/organ/encyc/his01-e.htm+history+organ+barber&hl=de&ie=UTF-8

Wolfgang

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 10:11 AM

Well done Wolfgang & Greg

200-300 - FALSE. Ctesibius of Alexandria invented the organ about 246 BC. However, it was introduced into Christian services around 200 ad. There's a description on this page. at least I assume you were going to say false

1000-1100 - TRUE. Guido d'Arezzo (c991AD-c1033AD) was also the first to use a 4 line stave for recording a tune. Before that, a single line was used with symbols depicting how far above or below the line the note was. There is some useful information here.

Wot about the bells, though?

:-)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 11:33 AM

Time for a summary:

0-100 - TRUE
100-200 - ???
200-300 - FALSE
300-400 - ???
400-500 - ???
500-600 - FALSE
600-700 - TRUE
700-800 - ???
800-900 - ???
900-1000 - ???
1000-1100 - TRUE
1100-1200 - ??? - some way with this.
1200-1300 - TRUE (but 6-part as Greg points out)
1300-1400 - ???
1400-1500 - ??? - some way with this
1500-1600 - FALSE
1600-1700 - FALSE
1700-1800 - TRUE
1800-1900 - ??? - Most of the way there, but ... TRUE or FALSE???
1900-2000 - ???

As an indication to how useful a clustered search like Vivisimo can be, have a look at this search on "morality play" plainchant. Cracked it yet?

BTW ... Wot abaht the bells?

:-)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: GUEST
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 10:23 PM

Found this little summary on the morality play in English drama. Morality Play
Your "search" adds some necessary information, but not bad for a very brief summary.

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: GUEST
Date: 23 Oct 02 - 11:34 PM

800-900 AD. I presume you refer to the "Life of King Alfred," by Bishop Asser. This work is controversial, some claiming that it was written much later than the 9th century.
In any case, there is no mention of mummery here, at least in my quick scan of a modern English text.
In a thread last summer (49704), it was pointed out that Henry VIII disapproved, and that mumming seemed to have been known in England in the late Middle Ages, but no earlier mention was found.

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 24 Oct 02 - 04:53 AM

Thanks, GUEST (your link has a few pop-ups, but is otherwise very useful. Here's my notes for these two:

1100-1200 - TRUE. Hildegard of Bingen was 100 years ahead of her time, though, as the idea didn't catch on immediately. There's some more information here.

800-900 - FALSE. Asser does describe Alfred's celebration of Christmas but, unfortunately, no description of the mummers play surfaces for another 850 years or so. Alfred was defeated and nearly captured by the Danes under Guthrum while observing Christmas at Chippenham in 878.

Any ideas on who might have moved to Poland with their guitars?

:-)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 24 Oct 02 - 11:10 AM

Summary:

0-100 - TRUE
100-200 - ???
200-300 - FALSE
300-400 - ???
400-500 - ???
500-600 - FALSE
600-700 - TRUE
700-800 - ???
800-900 - FALSE
900-1000 - ???
1000-1100 - TRUE
1100-1200 - TRUE
1200-1300 - TRUE (but 6-part as Greg points out)
1300-1400 - ???
1400-1500 - ??? - some way with this
1500-1600 - FALSE
1600-1700 - FALSE
1700-1800 - TRUE
1800-1900 - ??? - Most of the way there, but ... TRUE or FALSE???
1900-2000 - ???

Still quite a way to go, and we seem to be in the doldrums. Informed or uninformed guesses are welcomed, they often lead to further enlightenment.

Any ideas on 2nd century guitar playing folkies, the octave, 5th century punk rockers, Welsh harp drawings, bagpipes & black death, the beginning of the world, phonographs, or even Tap Dancing? ... NOT TO MENTION THE BELLS!!!

(I said not to mention the bells)

:-)
Ian

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: GUEST,Q
Date: 24 Oct 02 - 04:09 PM

1800-1900. Edison invented the cylinder recording machine in 1878, but I believe most of the earliest recordings were of classical music or speech. A man named Fewkes showed ethnologists and other scientists the use of wax cylinder recordings in their studies; material on American Indians was collected from 1890 on.
I am not familiar with when cylinder recording of popular music became important, but I doubt that much was done before 1900. Not until then can the method be said to have "revolutionized" popular music. Sheet music continued to be popular. I wonder if anyone has done a thesis on the increasing use of recordings and the gradual decrease in sheet music and the piano, etc., in the average middle class home. (Dull stuff, but adds to our knowledge of popular culture)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 25 Oct 02 - 09:45 AM

Thanks, Q

Since I didn't say that the revolution took place immediately, just that the invention happened between 1800-1900, I think we're OK. My notes:

1800-1900 - TRUE - Thomas Edison invented sound recording in 1877 and patented the phonograph in 1878. Later developments made for a less breakable format and meant that further developments were possible. The height of the technology came in 1948 when Columbia Records introduced the 33rpm LP. 45rpm records were sold from 1949.

Any tap dancers out there? Punk rockers? ... even bagpipers ... it's getting lonely around here ...

;-)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: alanabit
Date: 25 Oct 02 - 10:48 AM

Wasn't Will Kemp the actor/jester in William Shakespeare's company?

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 25 Oct 02 - 10:56 AM

Well, he certainly acted in some of Shakespeare's plays and was also part owner of "The Globe".

Suggests you're right.

:-)

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: IanC
Date: 28 Oct 02 - 09:33 AM

OK, this one looks like it's died before it finished. For completeness, here's the rest of my notes on the unfinished sections.

100-200 - TRUE. The Goths claimed to have settled in Poland during the 2nd Century AD because of population pressure in their homeland somewhere farther North (probably Scandinavia). They sang their songs to the accompaniment of a "Cithara", an instrument with a body composed of a flat or delicately arched back and soundboard joined by ribs. The cithara is the direct ancestor of the guitar. The Goths invaded Italy on numerous occasions during the 3rd Century, no doubt bringing their songs with them. More information here including the information that "In earliest times they sang of the deeds of their ancestors in strains of song accompanied by the cithara; chanting of Eterpamara, Hanala, Fritigern, Vidigoia and others whose fame among them is great; such heroes as admiring antiquity scarce proclaims its own to be.".

300-400 - FALSE. It's a Indian text. Bharata's Natya Sastra (4th Century AD) contains several chapters on music. This is probably the first work that clearly elaborated the octave and divided it into 22 keys. More information about Indian music history here.

400-500 - TRUE. Attila the Hun (circa 406-53), king of the Huns (circa 433-53) One of the most feared and notorious barbarians
of all time, Attila is believed to have been of distant Mongol stock. He ravaged much of the European continent during
the 5th century AD, and was apparently as great a menace to the Teutonic tribespeople as he was to the Romans. Of the huns, one local observer wrote "When attacked, they will sometimes engage in regular battle. Then, going into the fight in order of columns, they fill the air with varied and discordant cries. " Attila himself, according to the observation of a Gothic historian, looked rather like Sid Vicious "a large head, a swarthy complexion, small, deep-seated eyes, a flat nose, a few hairs in the place of a beard, broad shoulders, and a short square body, of a nervous strength, though of a disproportioned form. He had a custom of fiercely rolling his eyes, as if he wished to enjoy the terror which he inspired...."
700-800 - FALSE. The earliest harps of this kind in Britain are depicted on pictish stones in Scotland from the 8th Century. There is no evidence of harps in Wales before the Norman Conquest. English manuscripts depict the harp from the 10th Century and the earliest Irish depiction is circa 1100 ad. This site gives a set of dated illustrations.

900-1000 - TRUE. The earliest fragments from the casting of a church bell in England is from circa 900 see this site and handbells were commonplace before 1066, being played at Edward the Confessor's funeral, as illustrated on The Bayeux Tapestry. See this site for an illustration.

1300-1400 - FALSE. The bagpipes appear to have become popular in Mediaeval England (and probably Ireland, Scotland and Wales) around 1100, ultimately from Asia Minor. Though itinerant musicians were occasionally blamed for the spread of the Black Death, town dwellers seem to have blamed anything and everything including Flemish weavers and The Jews. Bagpipes have never been banned in any part of The British Isles, contrary to some peoples' widely held expectations, though a Nestorian Synod in 576 did forbid the use of tambourines and castanets during funerals for the whole Christian church.

1400-1500 - FALSE. Many of the dances in Playford's First Edition are said to have arisen in the middle of the 15th Century, but this is not one of them. The tune of "Sellenger's Round" later called "The Beginning of The World" appears in a number of lute books of the 16th Century and may well have originated in the 15th. The tune was, however, taking by Playford from the music of William Byrd (1609) and appears, with an associated dance, in Playford's first edition of 1651.

1900-2000 - FALSE. Whilst tap dancing was refined, particularly for film making,during the first half of the 20th Century, it is much older. Tap basically originated from European clog and step dancing. Between the 1600's and the 1800's, tap evolved slowly from other dances like the jig, step dances, and religious African step dances ('Juba"). When you blend all of these dances together you come out with the "American Tap Dance". A very brief summary here. Quote of the week comes from my research on this. On this site it says The word "Clog" comes from the Gaelic and means "time". Had me laughing so much I nearly fell off my chair

Thanks, all who contributed.

:-)
Ian

Subject: RE: Quiz: History of Music, Dance and Drama
From: DMcG
Date: 28 Oct 02 - 09:46 AM

Yes, you wore us out on this one. That site on Clogging has some other excellent quotes such as "Clogging is a dance that is done in time with the music" - so that's where I've been going wrong on all the other kinds of dance ....