16 Feb 00 - 12:40 PM (#179438) Subject: What's your definition of folk music? From: GUEST,Wincing Devil I've seen this talked about before in several other threads, but the only conclusion was there is no conclusive definition. Here's mine: Closest I've seen to this is "music popularized by non-commercial means". I'm not so sure of that. A good example of folk music popularized by commercial means is TV Theme songs. "Gilligan's Island" and "The Brady Bunch" come quickly to mind. These are the songs that will be popular at the Folklore Festivals of the late 21st century. Wincing_Devil
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16 Feb 00 - 12:42 PM (#179441) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: catspaw49 AND THEY"RE OFF!!!! "First out of the gate and on the rail is Wincing Devil followed by.........." |
16 Feb 00 - 12:43 PM (#179442) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Wincing Devil Hmmm... I posted the original in MSIE, this message in Netscrape. Is that why I'm listed as GUEST? <INSERT CUTESY SIG BLOCK> |
16 Feb 00 - 12:59 PM (#179451) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Ringer May I quote Brian Peters (without permission, but I'm sure he won't mind), writing in the current (Spring 2000) issue of South Riding Network: Folk News? "...I attempt no definition at all beyond a subjective one of what interests me personally,which ... is the body of old songs and tunes that have been around for centuries, for a significant part of their existence communicated orally. They are full of the most glorious and often strange melodies, wonderfully poetic and timeless lyrics dealing with anything from the mundane to matters of the utmost darkness and mystery. They are different and weird ... no software program will ever reproduce them, but they can arouse emotions and speak to parts of us that we'd almost forgotten we had. And they are ours." I couldn't put it half so well myself, but I agree wholeheartedly. |
16 Feb 00 - 01:28 PM (#179464) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Bert I'm not getting into definitions, but here's what folk music REALLY is right now Here and here |
16 Feb 00 - 02:10 PM (#179487) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Bill in Alabama If you folks will look back through the forum, you'll find that we worked this topic to death about three years ago. |
16 Feb 00 - 02:20 PM (#179493) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Lonesome EJ Arrrggggghhhhh..... |
16 Feb 00 - 02:23 PM (#179495) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: catspaw49 (and umpteen times since Bill...but someone pointed out to me that "everyone should have a chance",etc., etc., blah, blah..so..............) "At the Mudcat Downs the field heads around the first turn and Wincing Devil stumbles!! Bald Eagle takes the lead through the middle of the first turn showing early speed with Bert on his outside flank. BillinAl and Catspaw drop out and down into the infield meadow munching alfalfa and looking bored. The field moves toward the far turn and.........." Spaw |
16 Feb 00 - 02:29 PM (#179499) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: katlaughing And last yer, too, BillinA. If you all will follow this link, you will find a thread Alice started last year, which lists links to a whole bunch of threads on exactly this subject. Have fun!**BG** katlaughing |
16 Feb 00 - 02:33 PM (#179505) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: catspaw49 "And down in the short chute a protester has thrown herself down on the track!!!! The runners adroitly avert her prone body and continue on........." Spaw |
16 Feb 00 - 02:50 PM (#179511) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Amos Spaw gets the Cat's Chips Award for non-musical creativitiy at high speed...folks, let's give him a great big hand...or a great big anything for all that... |
16 Feb 00 - 02:57 PM (#179517) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Art Thieme chorus) Gimme that old time definition, Gimme that old time definition, Gimme that old time definition, It's good enough for me.
It was good for D.K. Wilgus...
It was good for Child's children...
It was good for Cecil Sharp...
It was good for Frank Hamilton,
It was good for Margaret MacArthur,
It was good for Bascom Lunsford,
It was good for Dena Epstein,
It was good for Franz Rickaby, Who am I??? I am Art Thieme |
16 Feb 00 - 03:07 PM (#179521) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Amos Holy, Moly! You da Man, Art! And indeed, Art Thieme thou, Art! Call The Mudcat Son Book-keeper -- the one with all the extra vowels. This is a Keeper's keeper for sure. Thanks for the grins. A |
16 Feb 00 - 03:24 PM (#179525) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: GUEST,hollowfox My definition of folk *anything* is something so important that it isn't part of the school curriculum. |
16 Feb 00 - 03:25 PM (#179528) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Rick Fielding NOW CUT THIS OUT FOLKS! Don't we all want to know what all the new folks on Mudcat think "folk music" is? Personally I can't wait! Rick |
16 Feb 00 - 03:28 PM (#179531) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Amos This is kinda like saying "what are people"...not a question that calls for one answer by any means. And I know many boots done trod this path before... |
16 Feb 00 - 03:48 PM (#179543) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Metchosin "The uncouth vocal utterance of the people"..Anna Russell from her copy of the Encyclopedia Brittanica......does that mean that the Spice Girls are folk singers? |
16 Feb 00 - 03:54 PM (#179547) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: kendall Folk music is whatever I say it is. And, as David Brinkley said, "Everyone has a right to my opinion." |
16 Feb 00 - 03:55 PM (#179548) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: kendall I should have added, IMHO |
16 Feb 00 - 04:01 PM (#179553) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: sophocleese Spice Girls aren't people, they classify as the uncouth utterances of the television. |
16 Feb 00 - 04:08 PM (#179559) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Amos They belong on the Neil Young thread, subsection Culturally Impaired Incurables... |
16 Feb 00 - 04:14 PM (#179560) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: GUEST,Wesley S Yesterday I picked up a copy of "Performing Songwriter" magazine with Bonnie Raitt on the cover. Janis Ian's column was the topic of "What is Folk Music" . Check it out. Very funny with a lot of truth rolled in to it. Someone should reprint it here. {With permission of course! } |
16 Feb 00 - 04:21 PM (#179564) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Uncle_DaveO Of course this whole discussion suffers from the delusion that there's ONE definition that can possibly serve. 'Fraid not. There was at some early, unpolluted, halcyon day a time when "the old-time definition" that Art Thieme sings so eloquently about was correct, and moreover sufficient. .. In this latter day, however, the field has been talked over and the concept muddied and muddled so much, by speakers and writers with so many different points of view, and often so little contact with either "the folk" or with music, that there's no putting Humpty-Dumpty together again. .. Face it, kids, the expression "folk song" or "folk music" has been poisoned. You can no longer use those terms without further explanation and be confident the correct meaning--whatever it may be in your case--will be communicated. .. There. I may have just killed this thread. Dave Oesterreich |
16 Feb 00 - 04:21 PM (#179565) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: catspaw49 "And as they head down the backstretch, Amos makes a move on the outside but he's pulled up lame!! A Dreamer leans out of the Clubhouse, peering through binoculars and looking for a long shot. Its Mets and Kendall and Hollowfox seesawing three wide now..BUT..BUT....YES, HERE HE COMES!!!!! Track experience shows as Big Art takes the bit and under the whip, charges to the front!!!Down the backstretch they go.........." Spaw |
16 Feb 00 - 04:21 PM (#179566) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Crowhugger Rick, Just for you, I'll make a serious and proper entry. This is a one-time-only occurrence, you understand... Folk music is the body of music created to reflect upon and share joyous and painful challenges of life. It is sometimes published or anthologized, but most of the time the music is passed directly from person to person in homes, bars, fields, woods, on tailgates, around campfires and the like. The instrumetation of folk music has no arbitrary restrictions, in my view, but anything difficult to transport is not often seen within the genre. $ 0.02 |
16 Feb 00 - 04:29 PM (#179572) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Amos Worth a dime, I say, CrowPerson. I got one here as soon as I finish taping up my starboard fetlock... |
16 Feb 00 - 04:53 PM (#179587) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: M. Ted (inactive) This has gotten to the "who ever answers loses" point, and Rick, for all your eagerness to see this issue discussed, I noticed that you weren't fielding the question(Oh, sorry, I really am sorry about that...) |
16 Feb 00 - 04:55 PM (#179588) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Jon Freeman Well Rick, I still consider myelf to be pretty new to internet communications as I didn't start until May last year and it was a couple of months later that I first visited Mudcat but I already feel like an old hand at this particular debate. I don't know how many times I have seen this topic between the various forums that I read and I think that the only certainty is that there will never agreement although I have seen some people getting very heated over it... I will leave this one to others but while you are at, "traditional" also need defining... Jon |
16 Feb 00 - 05:04 PM (#179594) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Rick Fielding No! No! No! Crowhugger...it has to be a ONE SENTENCE ANSWER! Preferably a SHORT sentence! Perhaps pertaining to which member of the animal kingdom is incapable of delivering a version of "Tam Lin"! You're right Ted! I'm just "discombobulated" today. Sort of like Catspaw is everyday! Big Bill Bruinsly |
16 Feb 00 - 05:14 PM (#179604) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Crowhugger In that case, Rick, Wincing Devil already said it. Just for the record all, I only give one sentence answers in my sleep. See? It's just how it is up here at the top of the tree ducking crow plops. :-) |
16 Feb 00 - 05:21 PM (#179610) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Rick Fielding Ahh yes "Crowplops". I remember them well. Wonderful Celtic band. Didn't Martin Carthy work with them for a while? I'll go away now. Rick |
16 Feb 00 - 05:22 PM (#179612) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Crowhugger LOLWROTF! |
16 Feb 00 - 05:36 PM (#179615) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Charlie Baum Definition: Folk music is music belonging to a corpus we argue the definition of here in threads like this. --Noah Webster a/k/a Charlie Baum |
16 Feb 00 - 05:49 PM (#179621) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Amos Folk music is music created and shared amongst folk, for their own enjoyment. Don't even start! |
16 Feb 00 - 05:58 PM (#179631) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Jon Freeman I have changed my mind and will offer my pig headed definition: If it sounds or feels like folk to ME then it is folk and if it doesn't then it isn't. At least I can agree with myself on this one. Jon |
16 Feb 00 - 06:11 PM (#179640) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Mbo Folk music is whatever I want it to be! If I play ELO or British Invasion or Queen on my acoustic guitar--it's folk to me, baby! --Mbo |
16 Feb 00 - 06:12 PM (#179641) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Amos how many folk you got in there, Jon lad? A |
16 Feb 00 - 06:17 PM (#179646) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Amos I don't think solipsism qualifies, by definition... Solipsists of the World, Unite! You Have Nothing to Lose But...Oh, never mind... |
16 Feb 00 - 06:18 PM (#179649) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: catspaw49 "As they round the third turn, its still Big Art by a length with doesterr on his heels and both are distancing the field. The Dreamer puts down his binoculars and throws away his tickets and goes off to curry BillinA and Catspaw still feeding on alfalfa and looking bored. Ol' Ted did not leave the gate and is going back to the stables while Crowhugger and Wincing Devil are dropping back and trail the leaders by 30 lengths. Vampire Jon and Amos are still losing ground as Big Art heads for the turn at the top of the stretch.........." Spaw |
16 Feb 00 - 06:32 PM (#179659) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Terry Allan Hall Like the man said , "music of the folks". That covers a lot of interesting territory! |
16 Feb 00 - 06:43 PM (#179666) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Lonesome EJ I am working on a comprehensive treatise entitled Square Dance Calling: Roots of Rap?, in which I give an indisputable definition of Folk Music. Look for a late Spring release date. |
16 Feb 00 - 06:51 PM (#179675) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Bert GREAT definition Charlie but I think I'll still have to go along with Jon on this one. Lej, I eagerly await the release of your missive. |
16 Feb 00 - 06:59 PM (#179681) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: GUEST,Bruce O. My definition: Folk songs and music are ones that have been sung or played traditionally, and has to be at least 60 years old to qualify, and must come from a traditional singer or instrumentalist. My definiton comes from looking at a vast amount of data (primary collections of songs, not anthologies, recordings of professionals, hearsay, etc.). |
16 Feb 00 - 08:58 PM (#179739) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Alice (Oh, no!) Here we go again... now it's Art and Bruce, neck and neck, the tension builds, it's gonna be a photo finish.... |
16 Feb 00 - 09:04 PM (#179745) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Mary G whatever music people take the trouble to learn to sing or play themselves that other people wrote or found or passed on.... mg |
16 Feb 00 - 09:10 PM (#179748) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: McGrath of Harlow Unless it's not folk music, it's folk music.
So what isn't folk music?
(An uncouth horse wanders onto the track and starts going in the opposite direction...) |
16 Feb 00 - 09:14 PM (#179753) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: kendall Another question. In this modern day and age, what the hell is a FOLK? Are there any left? |
16 Feb 00 - 09:36 PM (#179766) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: McGrath of Harlow At the time. all days and all ages just can't help being modern. And any two people have to be folk.
(And, in spite of Bill Broonzy or whoever, this thread has demonstrated that horses are folk as well.) |
16 Feb 00 - 09:51 PM (#179771) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Amos Folks is folk, man. The funny lumps of protoplasm with two legs folded over at the bottom and the hearts showing. What's this hang up on time? Did "Long Black Rifle" have to wait xx years before it was a folk song? I thought so when I was 17, but I'm a lot more understanding now. So, the core is that these lumps which flap their meat to make harmonious sounds, do so creatively for their own enjoyment, and share these created sounds amongst themselves. A |
16 Feb 00 - 09:59 PM (#179776) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: northfolk/al cholger My definition? that sounds like fuel for a fire... somewhere between that preChild ballad that has been handed down, unchanged, forever...and a contemporary broadside, written and performed in the "folk style", is folk music. I think the definition has to fit certain criteria, that is it must conform to the oral tradition... I think that the music must have an element of continuity, with what has been done before... The music should be acoustic, on traditional instruments...you know, the banjo, accordion, bagpipes, and those others that we all love to hate... And most importantly, the music must challenge the concept of the marketplace...I do not believe that music is good because it is marketable, nor do I think that the marketplace is useful to maintain an atmosphere in which music can be maintained from mouth to ear, through the generations...As Charlie King says, I hope this is enough, "to inflame the fans of discontent!" |
16 Feb 00 - 10:02 PM (#179777) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Little Neophyte My definition of folk music is everything my family, friends and business associates seem to not listen to. Little Neo |
16 Feb 00 - 10:35 PM (#179791) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Metchosin My husband's definition of folk music, not Anna Russell's or mine, "anything you play or sing in hopes of getting layed by a girl in a long skirt and Birkenstocks" |
16 Feb 00 - 11:24 PM (#179813) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: catspaw49 "As they turn for home its still Big Art with BruceO and Doesterr and the entire field is now under the whip." ......A giant rumbling sound is heard and with a ground shaking noise, a huge sinkhole creates a chasm into which all the runners stumble and pile up in a heap.......... "Well, that's it folks. Everyone wins and everyone loses. Throw away your stubs ... No one ever wins these races and betting is a losing proposition." Catspaw takes a last munch on the greenery and places a few horseapples and cider on the infield turf and wanders off......... |
16 Feb 00 - 11:28 PM (#179815) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Bill D guess who's been STUDIOUSLY avoiding this thread..(besides, I'm only up to page 87 of my magnum opus!)... Metchosin..I watched a guy at a sing court a "girl in a long skirt and Birkenstocks" one evening with a series of songs...the one that did it was "Rivers of Texas"..(Brazos River)...*grin* (and I think I like Charlie Baum's definition best right now..) |
17 Feb 00 - 06:10 AM (#179904) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Lady McMoo The answer is clear to me: folk music = music that no-one will ever get rich performing My Belgian francs worth mcmoo |
17 Feb 00 - 08:16 AM (#179930) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: kendall Lassie with a yellow coatie worked well for me. I used it not to get laid (crude) but as a proposal. It worked. |
17 Feb 00 - 11:02 AM (#180015) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: George Seto - af221@chebucto.ns.ca I can't say I KNOW the definition, I've been trying to avoid defining it. I THINK Folk Music is music which has stood the test of time,or seems to have a timeless quality to it, and tells at least part of a story about the PEOPLE, that it was meant for. Ie, Union songs, Work songs, Rowing Song, Dance Songs could all be incorporated. For instance, songs written in the last 50/60 years, may not have stood the LONG time test, but some of those get asked for all the time. While Classical music in many of its elements don't SEEM to fit into the FOLK tradition since it doesn't seem to tell about the PEOPLE it was meant for, but they do have the TIME criteria down. As for Traditional, that's so hard. Traditional is one which probably has been passed around by word of mouth for more than 2 to 5 years while maintining the gist of the story. ie Tom Lewis, Dougie MacLean, Archie Fisher songs would fit. They're faboulous stuff that catches the mind and heart quickly, yet stays both rhythmically and lyrically. Keep this thread going. It's interesting to read the different takes people have on this music, which is so broad. NOTE, we should not be limiting it to English songs only. I'm sure there are songs in Russion/Polish/etc which fit either of my thoughts. |
17 Feb 00 - 11:42 AM (#180043) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Wincing Devil I think we're safe to say that there are >6,000,000,000 definitions of folk music, one for each of the >6,000,000,000 folks on this planet. I disagree with those who say a song has to be X years old. I could right a folk song today (I think I will, just to be difficult!).
/( ) \ \_/ / , /\ , /_ _\ /| || | | \> | |\_||_/| (_ ^ _) \____/ /`\|IIIII|/`\ _\/_ \ \_____/ / () /\ )=( /\ () / `-.\=/.-' \ () (Max asked me to "lose" the lil devil) Wincing_Devil Joy of having 2 cats: Waking to a cat fight in your crotch at 3am! |
17 Feb 00 - 11:49 AM (#180050) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: The Shambles It might be a better idea to give definitions to all the other forms of music and see what we are left with? POP MUSIC: Music by Young people, for young people to make old people very rich. |
17 Feb 00 - 11:50 AM (#180051) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Rick Fielding Wow! Thanks for reminding me of that great old movie "CATFIGHT IN DEVIL'S CROTCH"! Now wasn't that with Rory Calhoun and Lisabeth Scott? Hmmmmm, nope, it was a Russ Meyer flick with a lotta naked women, if memory serves me. Rick |
17 Feb 00 - 11:54 AM (#180052) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Amos Memory is serving up something, Rick...but the quality is a little hard to assess...mebbe, like Max, it's time for a new server... |
17 Feb 00 - 12:34 PM (#180083) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: DougR CrowHugger: Your definition seemed pretty acceptable to me until it occurred to me that it also could describe Country/Western, a majority of what is now referred to as Pop/Easy Listening and even Grand Opera. What about contemporary compositions? Wouldn't the songs on Rick's CDs and those of John Prine and many others that are not ages old be considered Folk? |
17 Feb 00 - 12:39 PM (#180087) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: M. Ted (inactive) If you ask for the lyrics and start a long discussion thread, it's folk music-- |
17 Feb 00 - 12:55 PM (#180098) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: InOBU Whats this?, a hand at the edge of the sink hole, then another, and... LOOK AT THIS FOLKS! The racers are climbing over each other to return to the track! IT IS THE RACE THAT WOULD NOT DIE! LIKE SO MANY MUDCAT THREADS THEY ARE AT IT AGAIN, NOW TUMBLING OVER EACH OTHER IN A HUGE BALL OF HUMANITY ROLLING TOWARDS THE FINISH LINE, WHICH BRENDY AND LARRY KEEP MOVING BACK FARTHER AND FARTHER, - JUST FOR THE CRACK!!! Larry |
17 Feb 00 - 01:32 PM (#180120) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Art Thieme I'm amazed it wasn't noticed that, when the chasm opened up, I simply rose gliding like the feather in "Forest Gump", and thusly elevated by the correctness of my position, left the mangled bodies in the mud where they lie moribund if not already decomposing. The turkey vultures have descended to a great feast and the laughing of the hyenas can be heard as they circle and drool. I, in my certainty, have risen, majestically, above the fray ! Art Thieme |
17 Feb 00 - 02:04 PM (#180150) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: The Shambles Well what goes up…………………..
1st Folkie: "Look out! ""There's a falling folk singer".
2nd Folkie: "Well I would not say that everything he sings IS folk and-"
1st Folkie: "Don't you think we should move?"
2nd Folkie: "I think that it is very important that we make the difference here between-"…… SPLAT! |
17 Feb 00 - 02:11 PM (#180153) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: GUEST At the Ozark Folk Center in Mountain View, Arkansas, (http://www.ozarkfolkcenter.com/index.html) they don't attempt to distinguish between folk, popular, and country music, but they do have a rule that they don't play any music written after 1941. Why 1941? Because that's when the electric guitar was invented, naturally. |
17 Feb 00 - 03:01 PM (#180179) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Wincing Devil No Electric?
One of the ear-evident differences between Cajun and Zydeco is Zydeco's use of electric bass and keyboards. I've often joked that there was no worry about cajun music being Y2K compliant. Even if the electricity failed, Cajun music can be played. (I know, D.L. Menard uses electric, but so did Iry Lejeune!) Marc Savoy is all acoustic, as well as Paul Smith. Et Toi! |
17 Feb 00 - 03:06 PM (#180185) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Metchosin sheesh, Steeleye Span, Martin Carthy, the Byrds et al wouldn't be welcome? What's the world coming to? |
17 Feb 00 - 05:15 PM (#180277) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: GUEST,Bruce O. Singing traditional songs with instrumental accompaniment seems to be a 20th century American innovation. The closest to it in England was in the very late 19th century when Thomas Copper sang the under part 'like a sort of obligato' to songs sung by his brother William. |
17 Feb 00 - 05:19 PM (#180282) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: Jeri To be completely serious, my opinion is: A folk song is a traditional song. A traditional song is one that's been passed down the generations (let's say about 3 just to stick a number in there) within a specific community, and is known to most members of that community. Calling something a "folk" song is a relatively recent thing to do. I'd imagine the people within the community where they were sung probably just called them songs. Can you imagine someone saying "Hi, I've just choreographed a nice folk dance I'd like everyone to see." What folk? Where? The folk process, however, involves singing anything people like. Songs and tunes that people like enough to pass on survive and may (probably will) be changed. No matter how old a song is now, or how many variants exist, it was new at one point, and once had a known author. |
17 Feb 00 - 08:41 PM (#180393) Subject: RE: What's your definition of folk music? From: McGrath of Harlow There's types of songs which don't necessarily have any single known author even when they are new - notably various sorts of work songs.
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