Maritime work song in general

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 15 Feb 22 - 11:56 PM

Earlier African (Arabic?) Guiriot with French translation for Basteleur.

“...Les Guiriots, qui font comme leurs Bafteleurs, & dont ie parleray par occafion, courent par les Villages ayans ie ne fcay quels tambours pendus à leur col & frappans des mains deffius, crioyent que la femme de l'Akaire eftoit morte, adjouftans à ces advertiffements quantité de paroles de loüanges, à l'honneur de la deffuncte.” (p.71)

“…Ils eftoyent precedez des Guiriots, faifans grand bruit de leurs tambours: les Parents, Amis & Voifins fuiuent le corps, avec force cris, & tesmoignoyent de tres grands reffentiments.” (p.73)

“...A la fin de ce feftin, un chacun s'amaffa en une grande place pur dance, n'ayants autres inftruments que des tambours que leurs Guiriots touchent affez rudement, gardans pourtant quelque mefure...” (p.85-86)
[Relation du Voyage du Cap-Verd, S. Lo, 1637]

Note:
Bafteler: To iugle, or tumble; alfo, to play the buffoone, or foole; to talke verie much, and verie idly; alfo, to toffe, or wander uncertainely up and downe.
Bafteleur:A iugler, tumbler, puppet-player,; one that profeffeth any of thofe arts; also, one that leades bears, apes, baboons, or dauncing dogges about the country, and gets a fcuruie living by them.
[Cotgrave, 1611 & 1632]

Balatro

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 16 Feb 22 - 12:05 AM

“The two Fleets being thus prepard for Battle, they made their Addreffes to their Gods according to Cuftom, the whole Multitude repeating with a Keleufma, or general Shout, the Words of their Chiefs; thefe however feeing the Danger they were in, were in no fmall Concern for the Succefs of the Battle.”
[Antiquity Explained and Represented in Sculptures, Vol.3rd, Montfaucon, 1722]


“celeufna, vel celeumam, atis, neut. genr- L'enhortment des mariners, ou autres gens qui s'efforcent de faire quelque chofe.
celeuftes, celeuftæ, m, ge. Tel embarteur & donneur de courage.
paufarius, A Seneca vocatur qui remigibus modos dat & remigandi officium quadam quafi paufa moderatur.”
[Dictionariolum Latino Gallicum, 1602]


“opper bootfman. Celeuftes, g. ftæ, m.”
[Biglotton sive Dictionarium Teuto-Latinum Novum, Binnart, 1661]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 16 Feb 22 - 12:06 AM

“Es antigua coftumbre en nueftros Navios, el que fiempre que fe ofrece hacer algun trabajo, forman un cantico los Marineros que llaman Salomar; en el que dicen exquifitas cofas, que verdaderamente caufan entretenimiento; y fe ha hecho tan neceffario efte modo de cantar, y Salomar, que todos exercitan las fuerças à un mifmo tiempo en el trabajo que hacen, y es gufto oìrlos, con que ferà conveniente no dexen efta coftumbre.”
[Directorio Maritimo, Màrquez, 1728]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 16 Feb 22 - 12:07 AM

ҠCeleuma. Tis. n. &
* Celeufma, atis. n. Afc. Pæd. Cri des matelots qui rament, m. Pour s'encourager à l'ouvrage. Signal qu'on donne aux Matelots ou aux Rameurs, foit de vive voix, foit avec un fiflet, pour leur marquer les differentes manœuvres.
Celeuftes, æ. m. Bud. Celui qui a foin de faite faire le devoir aux Mariniers, ou autres Ouvriers; Comite, Piqueur. m.
Helciarius, ii. m. Apul. Bourrelier. m.
Helciarius, a, um. Mart. Qui tire un batteau avec une corde. ? Qui tire quelque chofe avec une corde.
*Helcium, ii. m. Apul. Colier m. de cheval où l'on attache les traits avec lefquels il tire.
Pausarius, ii. m. Sen. Comite m. de Galere, Officier qui fait voguer la chiourme.”
[Dictionarium Universale Latino-Gallicum , Boudot, 1728]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 18 Feb 22 - 08:15 PM

“Alarido, I. Grita: A roaring, clamouring, or outcry.
Alarido de marinhéiros: A fhout or noife with Seamen when they join their forces, or an Huzza.

Rebém de comítre: The boatfwain of a fhip, or one that governs the feamen when coming to an anchor.

Salameár os marinhéiros: To make a noife, or huzza like the seamen.”
[A Compleat Account of the Portugueze Language, A.J., 1701]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 18 Feb 22 - 08:15 PM

“Alarido, ziet, grita. Gefchreeuw, geroep, geruchtmaaking.
Alarído de marinhéiros. Scheeps gefchreeuw, waar mede 't fcheepsvolk, bootsgefellen, of, matroofen malkanderen onder 't fcheeps werk aanmoedigen.
Gríta. Geroep, gefchreeuw.
Gríta de navogántes. Het fcheepsgeroep, of gefchreeuw, 't welk 't fcheeps-volk, onder 't doen van 't fcheeps werk makt.
Gritadór. Een roeper, fchreeuwer, geraasmaaker.
Salameár, of, marinhéiros. Een gefchreeuw, of geroep, gelyk de matroofen, of 't fcheeps-volk maaken.”
[Vocabulario das duas Liguas Portugueza e Flamenga, Alewyn, 1718]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 18 Feb 22 - 08:17 PM

“Zaloma, es la cancion, que tienen los Marineros, quando halan, y tiran de un aparejo, ò cabo, ù otra cofa, en que uno canta, ò zaloma, y los demàs refponded, y tiran à una.”
[Vocabulario Maritimo, 1722]


“opper boots-man. Celeuftes, g. ftæ, m. g”
[Novum dictionarium Belgico-Latinum, Pomey, 1725]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 18 Feb 22 - 08:19 PM

“AY'SSA, the cry of failors when the hoife anchor, or any other great weight, that they may all pull together, Our failors cry hoife.
CALOMA'R, the fong or cry of failors when they hale at a rope all together.
Yça, a word us'd by failors, to pull together, in weighing anchor or hoifing the yards, as ours cry hoife.”
[A New Dictionary, Spanish and English, Stevens, 1726]


“CALOMAR.f.m. Cierto canto y tono que hacen los marineros, quando tiran de algun cabo ò cofa que fe requiere tirar muchos juntos à una, y con efte clamór fe aunan para el punto de aplicar la fuerza, y fe animan unos à otros. Palac. Inftr. Naut. Oy fe dice Zalomar.Lat.Celeúfma,tos.
[Diccionario de la Lengua Castellana, Tom.II, Real Academia Española, 1729]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 22 Feb 22 - 02:38 AM

“ZALAMERIA. (Zalameria) f.f. El exceffo de la adulacion en palabras, ò acciones. Viene de la voz Arábiga Zala, ù de la de Zalema. Lat. Blandiloquentia.
ZALEMA. f.f. La reverencia, ò cortefia humilde en demoftracion de fumifsion. Tómafe de la voz Arábiga Zalemaq, con que fe faludan los Moros, y los trahe Corvarr. en fu Thefóro. Lat. Summifsio humilis. Espin. Efcud. Relac.I. Defc.13. Haciendoles grandes zalemas, les dió un apofento, que tenia aderezado para los Mercaderes. Alfar. Part.2. lib.2. cap.9. Quando entró en la pieza, y vió à Dorotéa defalada, y los pechos por tierra, fe lanzó à fus pies, haciendole mil zalemas.
ZALOMA. f.f. Voz náutica efpecie de tono, con que fe llaman los Marineros, para executar juntos alguna faena. Lat. Vox ad Nautas citandos, vel vocandos. Cerv. Perfil. Lib.2 cap.21. Yá en efto, echa la zaloma, y arrojado el efquife.
ZALOMAR. v.a. Llamarfe, ò convocarfe los Marineros para alguna faena, animandofe para trabajar à un tiempo. Fórmafe de la voz Zaloma. Palac. Inftr. Naut. Lat. Nautas convocare, vel citare.”
[Diccionario de la Lengua Castellana, Tom.VI, Real Academia Española, 1730]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 22 Feb 22 - 02:40 AM

“Comito di galera. Hic Celeuftes, celeuftis.
Tirator d' alzana. Hic Helciarius, helciarij.”
[Vocabolario Italiano, e Latino, Glaribanio, 1730]


“Salêma. a gritaria dos marinheiros, melhor Celeuma. Salêma tambem he hum appellido, e nome de peixe.”
[Orthographia, ou Arte de Escrever, e Pronunciar com Acerto a Lingua Portugueza, Feijó, 1734]


“Calomar. Lûcher la gumene, ou autre cordage.
El calomar, m. Le ton que les mariniers chantent pour tirer & faire effort tout ensemble.
[Diccionario Nuevo de las Lenguas Española y Francesa, Tom.I, Sobrino, 1734]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 22 Feb 22 - 02:42 AM

“Calomar. Il canto che fanno i marinari quando tirano d' accordo per accrefcer la forza nel tirare.
Hizar, o yzar. Vocabolo che ufano i marinari nell' accordarfi, & animarfi à levar qualche pefo, noi diremoso iffare.
Yça, Vocabolo che ufano i marinari, o forzati quando d' accordo fanno qualche forza, e noi diciamo iffa.
Yçar, Iffare vedi yça.”
[Vocabolario Español e Italiano, Franciosini, 1735]


“CELEUMA, & CELEUSMA, atis. Cri, clameur des Matelots, des rameurs.
CELEUSTES, a. Piqueur, Comite.”
[Dictionnaire Universel François et Latin, 1736]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 22 Feb 22 - 02:43 AM

“Celeusta. Masculino. Antiguedades griega. Eel que daba las órdenes á los marineros y remeros…. Francés, céleuste.
Celéustica. Femenino. Diddáctica. Arte de transmitir las órdenes por medio de sonidos músicos.
Celéusticamente. Adverbio de modo. Por medio de la celéustica…. Francés, céleustique.”
[Primer Diccionario General Etimológico de la Lengua Española, Archdekin, 1737]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 24 Feb 22 - 03:44 PM

c.1650AD.
“...And the greateft part of thefe Sluces are pafs'd through with a great deal of eafe. But there are fome which are not to be fhot, but with a great deal of Pains and Danger. More efpecially one, which the Chinefes call Tien Fi-cha, or the Queen and Miftrefs of Heaven; thereby to exprefs in Hyperbolical Terms the extraordinary Height of it. When the Barks are row'd against the Stream, and come to the bottom of this Sluce, the Watermen faften to the Prow a great number of Cables and Cordage, which are drawn on both fides of the Canal, by four or Five Hundred Men, and fometimes more, according to the Burthen of the Veffel, and the Weight of the Lading. Others at the fame time labour at Capftanes plac'd upon the Walls of the Sluce, which are very broad and built of Free-Stone. Besides the Ropes already mention'd, there are others which are very strong, wound about great Pilars of Stone or Wood to hold the veffel if any of the other Cordage fhould chance to break. When these Cords are all faften'd, they begin to Haule by degrees, as it were keeping time to the found of a Bafon*, upon which they knock at firft but foftly, and with fome intervals between the ftroakes : but when half the Bark at leaft is rais'd to the height of the upper Channel, in regard the Current is then much ftronger, they knock upon the Bafon with thicker ftroaks; at what time the Four or Five Hundred Haule all together with loud Hey Boys, and give fuch a stretch, that the Veffel mounts up in a moment, and is fecur'd in the dead Water between the fides of the Canal and the middle of the of the Current.”
[A New History of China, Magalhaens, 1688]

* Gong.
Grand Canal (China)

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 24 Feb 22 - 03:46 PM

“Boffeman, S.M. A Boatfwain of a ship.

Comite, S.M. The officer of a galley, who has particular command over the flaves.

Voix, (chanteur, chanteufe.) Voice, finger.

Voix, (en termes de mer.) The fong employed by failors, in hoifting, hauling, heaving, &c.

Donner la voix. To fing out, as in hauling , hoifting, heaving, &c.

A la voix! Mind the man that fings!”
[The Royal Dictionary Abridged, Boyer, 1738]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 24 Feb 22 - 03:47 PM

“Hou, Anglis, Gallis, & plerisque Europæis eft Vox inhibentium curfum, impetum, &c…. eft Celeufma remigan– “tium, jubems quiefcere ac renos inhibere”.

Shoute, Acclamare. shout for joy, Jubilare. shouting of mariners, Celeufma. shout before the battell, Clamor eorum, qui in hoftilem aciem irrumpere parant. Fartaffe corruptum eft verbum ex G. chathuant, Noctua; ut primò ufurpatum fit de acuto illo streperóque clamore, quem nocturno tempore edunt ululæ, poftea verò translatum quoque fit ad nauticas exhortationes ac triftem bellantium barritum five uluatum.”
[Etymologicum Anglicanum, Junius-Lye, 1743]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 24 Feb 22 - 03:48 PM

“Calomar, veafe zalomar.
Comitre de galera, arraunarizaya. Lat. Remigum hortator.
Zaloma, lo que cantan, y repiten los Marienros al hazer alguna faena, es voz Bafcongada, zaloma, zaleuma, que fignifica lo mifmo, de donde la tomó el Griego, y defpues el Latin celeufma, tis, Vox hortatoria.
Zalomar, zalomatu, zaleumatu Lat. Celeufma canere.
Zalomero, zalomaria, zaleumaria, Lat. Celeuftes, æ, hortator.”
[Diccionario Triligüe del Castellano, Bascuence y Latín, Tom.I-II, Larramendi, 1745]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 24 Feb 22 - 03:53 PM

c.1745AD
Kuchelavritham Vanchippattu
Ramapurathu Warrier (1703–1753)
Chundan vallam

“Sitting two to a row along the length of the boat, there will be 64 paddlers, representing 64 art forms (or on occasion 128 paddlers). They row in rhythm of the vanchipattu ('boat[man's] song'). There will be around 25 singers in a row at the middle between the paddlers. In the middle of the second half of the boat is a platform for eight people to stand from where the cantor will lead the song. They represent the Ashtadikpalakas (Devas or gods who guard the eight directions).” [wiki]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 24 Feb 22 - 03:54 PM

“3. K???, jubeo, to command….
† 3. alfo ti exhort, to induce… to cry out as the commanders of veffels do to failors to encourage them…. celeufma, the fhout or noife of mariners when they do any thing with joint ftrength ; voice found, exhortation, command.”
[The Primitives of the Greek Tongue, Lancelot, 1748]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 27 Feb 22 - 03:18 AM

“VEA, VEA, VEA, [a Seaman's Cry] when they work or pull ftrongly together.”
[An Universal Etymological English Dictionary, Bailey, 1721]


“*CELEUSMA, atis. n. Bibl. Cri de joie , chanfon. Celeufma nauticum. MART. Le cri des Rameurs, le fignal qu'on leur donnoit avec des inftrumens, (… , hortor.) Hinc.
*CELEUSTES, a. m. Un Comite, celui qui a foin de faire faire le devoir aux Matelots.”
[Novitius seu Dictionarium Latini Gallicum, Paris, 1750]


“Celeufma, non celeuma, atis, pc. in obl. Es la grita de los Marineros, y de otras perfonas, quando à la voz de uno refponden los otros, lo que aquel uno manda. Hier.25.cap.48. & 51. fe toma por cantar de vindimiadores, y pifadores de lagar,... porque tambien al pifar la uba fe canta. Vide ibi Rob.”
[Lexicon Ecclesiasticum Latino Hispanicum, Arias, 1750]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 27 Feb 22 - 03:20 AM

“Noise…
The mariners noife, *Celeufma, n.”
[Thesaurus Linguae Latineas, 3rd. ed, Ainsworth, 1751]


“CELEUMA, & CELEUSMA, atis, Cri, clameur des Matelots, des rameurs.
CELEUSTES, æ. Piqueur, Comite.”
[Dictionnaire Universel Francois et Latin, 1752]


“Gridu. grido. clamor. [per fama. grido. nomen [Gridu di marinari uniformi, o Celeufma. celeufma. V.I. celeufma, vel celeuma, atis. [Gridu di cui fi doli. guajo. ejulatio, ejulatus. [Aviri, o farfi gridu. avere o farfi grido. in omnium ore, fermone verfari, vel magnam apud homines exiftimationem fibi conciliare. [Fari grida, comu un arfu, ec. v. Gridario.
[Dizionario Siciliano Italiano Latino, Vol.II, Bono, 1752]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 27 Feb 22 - 03:24 AM

“CELEUSMA, atis. n. Afcon. Pæd. ou Celeuma, atis. n. Mart. … Ordre ?ou fignal que les Officiers donnoient aux matelots ou aux rameurs, de vive voix ou avec un fiflet, pour faire les manœuvres differentes. [Quelques-uns difent que e'eft le cri les Rameurs font tous à la fois, pour dire qu'il font tous prêts, & pour s'exhorter à executer le commandement qu'on veut leur faire.
CELEUSTES, æ. M. Bud. Celui qui a foin de faire faire le devoir aux matelotes.
CLAMÖR, oris: m. Cri, clameur. Clamor… ?clamor nauticus Virg. Le cri des matelots.”
[Dictionarium Novum Latino-Gallicum, 1753]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 01 Mar 22 - 02:10 PM

“Celeuma, ou
Celeufma: cri, fignal qu'un donne aux matelots.
Celeuftes: commandant des mariniers, ou d'autres ouvriers, piqueur.”
[Vocabulaire Universel Latin-François, Compré-Guerin-Delatour, 1754]


“(l) *Aug, de Cant. Novo, cap.2.tom.9. Celeufma, Grita de marineros.
Zeleufma, grita de Marineros. 489.”
[Camino Real dela Cruz, Haeften, 1755]


“Mariner,… Exortador dels mariners. Celeuftes, æ, hortator, oris. La exortaciò dell Celeuma, atis, celeufina. Maritim, ó cofa maritima. Maritimus, a, um.”
[Dictionarium, seu Thesaurus Catalano-Latinus, Torre-Pere, 1757]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 01 Mar 22 - 02:11 PM

“ACCORDE. Commandement que l'on fait aux rameurs, pour les faire voguer enfemble.
CARACORE. Efpece de galere, en ufage aux Indes, & furtout dans l'ifle de Borneo & dans les Moluques…. C'est en chantant, en battant la caiffe, ou en jouant de quelque inftrument de mufique, qu'on commande aux rameurs ce qu'ils ont a faire, & ils fe reglent par-là pour la maniere dont ils doivent ramer.
COMITE. Bas officier de galere, qui commande la chiourme, & qui a foin de ne pas epargner les coups de gourdin aux forçats, pour les faire ramer. Il eft auffi chargé de placer autant d'hommes d'un côté, que de l'autre de la galere, afin qu'elle ne penche point; ce ;qu'on appelle Eftiver la galere. Les galériens l'appellent Notre homme, pour lui rappeller fans doute les fentimens d'humanité dont il eft important pour eux qu'il foit pénétré.
HALER. Ce terme fignifie généralement Roidir, tirer à foi, pefer fur un cable ou fur une manœuvre. Quand les matelots halent fur une manœuvre, plufeurs enfemble, le contre-maître dit à haute voix ce mot, hale, & à l'inftant tous les matelots agiffent fur le cordage. Le même homme, lorfqu'il faut haler une bouline, les avertit par ces trois mots, un, deux , trois, & au mot trois ils donnent tous d’un commun effort la fecouffe à la bouline. En manœuvrant les couets, on crie trois fois, amure; & pour l’écoute, on crie trois fois, borde; & au troifieme cri, on hale fur la manœuvre.
HINSER. Commandement de tirer en haut, ou de hiffer.
HISSE, HISSE. Commandement redoublé, qui marque qu'il faut hilfer promptement.
HISSER. C'eft hauffer ou élever quelque chofe.
HISSER EN DOCEUUR. C’e?t hiffer lentement ou doucement.
OH! DU NAVIRE! HOLA! Cri que l'on fait pour parler à l'équipage d’un vaiffeau , dont on ne fçait pas le nom. Si au contraire on le fçait, on le nomme en criant: oh d'un tel vaiffeau, comme du Foudroyant, de l'Intrépide, &c.
OH D'EN HAUT! C’eft ainfi que ceux qui font fur le pont d'un vaiffeau, crient à ceux qui font fur les mâts ou fur les vergues.
OH HISSE! OH HALE! OH SAILLE! OH RIDE! Ce font des cris que l'on fait en différens temps, pour s’accorder dans certains travaux où l’on eft plufieurs, foit qu’il faille hiffer, haler, pouffer ou rider quelque chofe.
UN, DEUX, TROIS. Ces trois mots font prononcés par celui qui fait haler la bouline, & au dernier les travailleurs agiffent en même temps.
VOIX. On fous-entend à la. Commandement aux gens de l'équipage, de travailler à la fois, lorfqu’on donner la voix.
        On appelle Donner la voix, lorfque par un cri, comme oh hiffe! &c. on avertit les gens de l'équipage, de faire leurs efforts tous à la fois.”
[Dictionnaire Historique Theorique et Pratique de Marine, Vol. I-II, Saverien, 1758]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 01 Mar 22 - 02:12 PM

“CALOMAR, f.m. Cri, ton des matelots lorfqu'ils manœuvrent dans le vaiffeau. Lat. Celeufma, tos.
CHIRRIAR, T. de marine. Donner du fifflet, commande que le Comite d'une galere ou autres officiers de vaiffeau fout, pour faire manœuvrer la chiourme, ou les matelots.
ZALOMAR, v. a. T. de marine. Appeller les matelots à la manœuvre. Lat. Nautis fignum dare.
[Nouveau Dictionnaire François-Espagnol et Latin, Vol.I, 1759]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 01 Mar 22 - 02:14 PM

“CELEUMA, atis. n. Afc. Ped. on Celeusma, atis. n. Mart. Cri des matelots pur s'encourager à la manœuvre. Coup de fifflet pour animer les rameurs. Cri de joye. Bibl.
CELEUSTES, ae. m. Officier qui donnoit le fignal pour animer les matelots. Eud.
HORTATIVUS, a, Um. Adj. Qui fert à exhorter, à encourager. Quint.
HORTATOR, oris. m. Qui exhorte, qui follicite, qui anime, qui ecite. Cic.
PAUSARIUS, ii. m. Comite, Officier de galére, qui fait voguer la chiourme, Senec.”
[Generalis Dictionarii Latino-Gallici, 1759]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: Joe Offer
Date: 02 Mar 22 - 03:32 AM

Phil - you've posted so much good stuff at Mudcat, and I've really appreciated it. There are times when I would like to contact you privately. Might you like to send me your email address, so I can contact you if I have a question.

Joe Offer, Mudcat Music Editor - [e-mail]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 Apr 22 - 03:32 AM

“Celeufma, atis, Algazara de marineros quando descubren tierra y alabanzas divinas.
Celeustes, æ, m.g. Comitre de Galera.”
[Compendium Latino-Hispanum, Salas, 1761]


“STEEV'ING, is ftowing Cotton or Wool, by forcing it with Screws.
VEA, VEA, VEA, [a Seaman's Cry] when they work or pull ftrongly together.”
[An Universal Etymological English Dictionary, 1761]


“CALOMA'R, the fong or cry of failors, when they hale at a rope altogether.
To HOUT, v.n. gritár, hacér alarídos, vocerías, ò algazáras.
To hout, filvár a uno reírse del.
A HOUTING, f. grito, voceria, algazára, alarido, algaráda.
ZALO'MA, f.f. the cry ufed by failors working on board a ship.
ZALOMA'R, v.a. to cry as failors do when they work on board.”
[A Dictionary, Spanish and English, and English and Spanish, Pino, 1763]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 Apr 22 - 03:34 AM

“Alarido de marinheiros. Vide Faina. Vide Celeuma.

Celeuma, (termo nautico) vozeria dos marinheiros. Cry des matelots pour s'encourager à l'ouvrage (Celeufma, atis)

Faina, (termo nautico) a vozeria com que os marinheiros fe incitaõ a fazer o feu officio refpondendo, ou repetindo vozes a hum que as entoa fó, para final de que todos a huma maó ponhaó o hombro, ou pieto ao trabalho. Cry des matelots pour s'encourager à l'ouvrage. (Celeufma, tis: nauticus clamor, oris.)

Grita de navegantes. Vide Faina.

Gritador, homem que grita muito, que grita quando fall. Criard, qui criaille, qui fait bien du bruit. (Clamtor, oris)

Salema, vozaria de marinheiros: he derivado da palavra Grego-Latina Celeuma. Vide Fayna.

Salamear, termo de marinheiro, fazer a faloma, ou falema. Vide Salema. Vide Fayna.”
[Nouveau Dictionnaire des Langues Françoise et Portugaise, Marques, 1764]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 Apr 22 - 03:35 AM

“VEA, VEA, VEA, (a Seaman's Cry) when they work or pull ftrongly together. Hug, Hig, Hig, een Matroozen Woord als zy faamen hard werken of trekken.”
[A New and Complete Dictionary of Terms of Art, Buys, 1768]


“CELEUSMA, cri de plusieurs personnes,chant de réjouïffance que font les Mariniers quand ils prennent port,ou qu'ils aprochent de la Terre.Ilen eft par lé en trois endroits de la Prophetie de Jeremie,Rugiens rugiet fuper decorem fuum: Celeufma quafi calcantium concinetur, adversùs omnes habitatores terra, faisant allufion aux chanfons de ceux qui foulent les raifins, ch.25.v. 30. Dans le ch48.v.33. il dit qu'il a ôté toute la joïe du Carmel, qu'il a fait répandre le vin des preffoirs, & que celui qui foule les raifins, ne chantera plus ces cantiques acoûtumez. Nequaquam calcator uve folitum Celeufma cantabit.”
[Le Grande Dictionaire de la Bible, Vol.I, Certe, 1703, Ponthus, 1768]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 Apr 22 - 03:38 AM

“CARACORO, Spezie di galera ufata dagl' Indiani, e fingolarmente nell' Ifola di Borneo, e nelle Moluche. Ella è ftretta, aguzza, e baffa dalla poppa, e dalla prua.…

...Quando vuolfi comandare alcuna cofa a quefti rematori, ciò fi fa da coloro, o cantando, o battendo il tamburo, o fuonando al cuno inftrumento; ed effi da ciò fi regolano per la maniera, colla qua le debbon vogare.”
[Dizionario Istorico Teorico E Pratico Di Marine, Saverien, 1769]

Karakoa

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 24 Apr 22 - 10:40 AM

“ACCORD, the order to pull together on a rope or tackle; alfo to row together, or pull uniformly with the oars.
CONTRE-MAITRE, boatfwain of a fhip.
HISSE, HISSE, hoift away! hoift heartily!
HOLA-HO, a cry which anfwers to yoe-hoe.
O! d'en haul, yoa-hoa, aloft there! maft-head there! &c, the cry from the deck to thofe who are aloft, to attend to fome order,
O! hiffe, O! hale, O! faille, O! ride, the method of finging out, as a fignal to hoift, haul, or roufe together, on a tackle or rope.
SAILLE! a manner of fhouting amongft the failors, as a fignal to pull or heave all at once.
UN, deux, trois, an exclamation, or fong', ufed by feamen when hauling the bowlines, the greateft effort being made at the laft word. Englifh failors, in the fame manner, call out on this occafion —haul-in—haul-two— haul-belay!
Donner la VOIX, to fing out; as in hauling, hoifting, heaving, &c.
WINDLASS, ...As this machine is heaved about in a vertical direction, it is evident that, the effort of an equal number of men acting upon it will be much more powerful than on the capftern; becaufe their whole weight and ftrength are applied more readily to the end of the lever employed to turn it about. Whereas, in the horizontal movement of the capftern, the exertion of their force is confiderably diminifhed. It requires, however, fome dexterity and addrefs to manage the handfpec to the greateft advantage; and to perform this the failors muft all rife at once upon the windlafs, and, fixing their bars therein, give a fudden jerk at the fame inftant, in which movement they are regulated by a fort of fong or howl pronounced by one of their number.

The moft dextrous managers of the handfpec in heaving at the windlafs are generally fuppofed the colliers of Northumberland: and of all European mariners, the Dutch are certainly the moft aukward and fluggifh in this manœuvre.
[An Universal Dictionary of the Marine, Falconer, Vol.I-II, 1769]

William Falconer (1732–c.1770)

See also: Reidler.

Note: Judging from the number of Falconer citations on Mudcat, Wiki &c, the 'proto-shanty' advent horizon is somewhere along about here.

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 24 Apr 22 - 10:41 AM

“CALOMAR, f.m. Air que les mariniers chantent pour tirer & faire effort tous enfemble. Lat. Celeufma, tos.
HA, interj…. Lat. Ha! Hei! Heu!
Ha, en termes de Marine eft un cri dont on fe fert pour faire agir les matelots de concert & tous à la fois.
        O Luzbel ha! No me efcucha.
        O Soberbia ha! No me entiende.
        O Envidia ha! De oir fe ofende.
ZALOMA, f.f. Terme de Marine. Cri que font les matelots pour appeller leurs camarades lorfqu'il y a quelque manœuvrer à faire. Lat. Vox ad nautas citandos.
ZALOMAR, v.a., Appeller les matelots pour manœuvrer. Lat. Nautas convocare.”
[Sobrino Aumentado o Nuevo Diccionario de las Lenguas Española, Francesa y Latina, Vol.I-II, Corman, 1769]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 24 Apr 22 - 10:41 AM

“O , eft fouvent une interjection, & on s'en fert pour invoquer à fon fecours, pour admirer, pour fe plaindre, pour fe moquer, invectiver, & faite toutes fortes d'exclamations. O Dieu immortel! O que cela eft beau!O qu'il eft ridicule! O que j'ai mal à la tête! &c. Omon Pere, lui dis-je tout effrayé, ces gens là étoient-ils Chrétiens! Pasc.

On fe fert fouvent de ce terme fur mer pour appeler ceux à qui on veut parler: la raifon eft que le ton de ce mot eft fort, &c f e fait entendre de loin; il rend attentifs ceux à qui on adreffe la parole. O du navire, fe dit lorfqu étant en route, on veut parler à ceux d'un navire dont on ne fair pas le nom. O du Neptune, hola, &c. pour parler à ceux du vaiffeau appelé Neptune. O d'en-haut, difent ceux qui font fur le pont; pour parler à ceux qui font fur les mats, & les vergues, &c. O hale, ô hiffe, &c. fe dit pour avertir de haler , de-hiffer, &c.”
[Dictionnaire Universel Francois et Latin, Vol.VI, Mit-Pro, 1771]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 25 Apr 22 - 12:10 PM

“CHANTER. C'eft crier diftinctement & à pleine gorge, hiffa - ho, ha, hiffa , ho, hiffe, afin qu'au dernier mot exprimé avec plus de force que les autres, tous les gens rangés fur les manœuvres halent enfemble de toutes leurs forces. On chante de différentes manieres, felon les circonftances & l'efpèce de travail.

DONNER la voix. C'eft une maniere de crier lentement, en prononçant quelques mots, à la fin defquels tous ceux qui font rangés fur la manœuvre, tirent enfemble avec force pour faire travailler comme on le défire. Donne la voix, c'eft commander à un des Travailleurs de chanter, hiffa, ho, hi, hiffa, ho, hiffe. Voyez CHANTER.

CHANTER. Ceft crier diftinctement & à pleine gorge, hiffa – ho, ha, hiffa, ho, hiffe, afin qu'au dernier mot exprimé avec plus de force que les autres, tous les gens rangés fur les manœuvres halent enfemble de toutes leurs forces. On chante de différentes manieres, felon les circonftances & l'efpèce de travail.

O! HISSE. ô! faille. ô! hale. ô! Ride. Maniere courte de donner la voix, pour faire réunir les efforts de chaque homme dans le mème inftant, afin de produire un plus grand effet.

REPRISE de main. C'eft reprendre la Manœuvre plus haut en y portant la main; lorfqu'on hiffe main-fur-main, ou à courir; alors l'Officier qui commande crie, pour encourager les Matelots, Reprends, enfants, main-fur-main, ha! ha! ha! à courir, &c.

SAILLE.. Saille! C'eft-à-dire, Tire ou Pouff avec force & vîteffe, pour hiffer quelque chofe à courir. Lorfqu'on hiffe les Huniers, on crie Saille! & tout le monde tire en même tems, courant fur le Garan des Driffes. Saille de l'Avant, c'eft pouffer en Avant; & Sailler de l' Arriere, c'eft pouffer vers 'Arriere - c'eft un commandement. Il faut failler nos Mâts de Hunes de Rechange fur l'Avant ou fur l'Arriere... Il faut pouffer ou failler nos Bouts dehors de Bonnettes pour gréer ces Voiles.

VIRE! C'eft-à-dire, Tourne. On crie aux gens qui font rangés fur les Barres du Cabeftan, pour les animer au travail, Vire, Enfans, vire! On vire au Cabeftan pour lever fes Ancres, guinder fes Mâts de Hunes, & faire d'autres forts travaux qui ne peuvent fe faire qu'à force de Cabeftan.”
[Manuel des Marins, Vol.I, Villehuet, 1773]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 25 Apr 22 - 12:12 PM

“ALARI'DO. f.m. a cry, clamour, or outcry, a fhout. From Alla, i.e. God, the cry de guerre among the Turks, Moors, and Arabs.
Alarido de marinheiros. See CELEUMA.

CELEUMA, ou celeufma, f.f. (a fea term) the fhout or noise which mariners make, when they do any thing with joined ftrength, at which times they cry, ho-up; or when they encourage each other. Lat. celeufma; fome fay it is of the mafculine gender.”
[A Dictionary of the Portuguese and English Languages, Vieyra, 1773]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 26 Apr 22 - 02:16 PM

“CALOMAR, f.m. Cri, ton des matelots lorfqu'ils manœuvrent dans le vaiffeau. Lat. Celeufma, tos.
ZALOMA, f.f. T. de marine. Cri ou certain fon qui fe fait dans les vaiffeaux, pour appeller les matelots à la manœuvre, Lat. Datum nautis fignum, i.
ZALOMAR, v.a. T. de marine. Appeller les matelots à la manœuvre. Lat. Nautis fignum dare.”
[Nouveau Dictionnaire Espagnol-François et Latin, Séjournant, 1775]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 26 Apr 22 - 02:17 PM

“I saw the harvest of a small field. The women reaped the corn, and the men bound up the sheaves. The strokes of the fickle were timed by the modulation of the harvest-song, in which all their voices were united. They accompany in the Highlands every action which can be done in equal time, with an appropriated strain, which has, they fay, not much meaning; but its effects are regularity and chearfulness. The ancient proceleusmatic song, by which the rowers of gallies were animated, may be supposed to have been of this kind. There is now an oar-song used by the Hebridians.”
[A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, Johnson, 1775, p.97]



“Dr. Johnfon tells us that he faw the Harveft of a fmall Field in one of the weftern Iflands:— The Strokes of the Sickle were timed by the Modulation of the Harveft Song, in which all their Voices were united:— ….. There is now an Oar Song ufed by the Hebridians —Thus far the learned Traveller. Our Sailors at Newcaftle, in heaving their Anchors, &c. ufe a Song of this Kind.”
[Observations on Popular Antiquities, Brand, 1777, p.308]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 26 Apr 22 - 02:19 PM

“There is a species of poetry peculiar to the Gael called Iurram and Orain Luathaidh. The music of the Iurram has always that mixture of grandeur and melancholy that never fails to gain its end. They are sung on board of ships and buirlings* by the sailors, when they row or work, to deceive the time. The subject is generally the life and actions of some chief or relation. The language is such as to express the sentiments and actions described; the music, expression, and the strokes of the oars, coinciding in such exact time, both the sailor and passenger forget their hardships and fatigue, even in the most inclement seasons. The Oran luathaidh, with the same view, is sung when they work on shore, and derives its name from luthadh, milling or fulling….

...The time of this fpieces of finging** is not fo quick as that of the Reel, nor fo flow as the Iurram.”
[An analysis of the Galic Language, 2nd ed., Shaw, 1778, pp.136-37)]
*boats
**Oran luathaidh.
iomramh
Fulling songs
Origin: Skye Boat Song confusion

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 28 Apr 22 - 03:18 PM

“Celeusma, tis, n.g. Canto, ò grita de Marineros, y, de los demás, para divertir el trabajo : quum uno aliquid jubentem omnës uniformitèr respondent, quasi sibi invicem jubentes. Martial. lib. 3. de pigris nautis.
Celeustes, tæ, m.g. El Comitre de Galera : qui à Plauto Latinè Hortator appellatur, quòd ea hortamenta faciat, quæ verbo Græco Celeusmata dicuntur etiam à Latinis. Budæus.”
[Dictionarium Redivivum, Nebrija, 1778]


“Celeufma, tis: Celeuma, tis, cri des Matelots qui rament; fignal de manœuvrer donné aux Matelots.
Celeuftes, æ le Boffeman, celui qui fait manœuvrer led Mariniers.
Pro-Celeufmaticus, i, pied de vers trèsrapide, étant compofé de quatre fyllabes bréves.”
[Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Latine ,1779]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 01 May 22 - 02:11 PM

“They have particular laws amongft themfelves, during thofe piratical cruifes; and keep up a certain order and difcipline. In rowing, at which, from habit, they are dextrous, they have always a fong as a kind of tactic, and beat on two brafs timbrels to keep time. I have known one man on board my little veffel opportunely, with fometimes a Molucca, fometimes a Mindano Mangaio fong, revive the reft, who from fatigue, were droufing at their oars; and operate with pleafing power, what no proffered reward could effect: fo cheared, they will row a whole night.

The Moors, in what is called country fhips in Eaft India, have alfo their chearing fongs; at work in hoifting, or in their boats a rowing. The Javans and Molucca people have theirs. Thofe of the Malays are drawling and infipid. In Europe the French provençals have their fong: it is the reverfe of lively. The Mangaio is brifk, the Malabar tender. The Greeks and Romans had their Celeufma or chearing fong. Martial feems to have made one, III. 67.”
[A Voyage to New Guinea, and the Moluccas, from Balambangan, Forrest, 1779, pp.303-304)]

See: Martial, karakoa &c, above.
Lyr Add: Chanties of Capt. Tho. Forrest

See also: Caracoro/karakoa (1769, above.)

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 01 May 22 - 02:14 PM

“I.
When firft we hear the boatfwain bray,
        With voice like thunder roaring,
All hands, my boys, get under way,
        Hark the fignal for unmooring;
To fave the joyous breeze
        The handfpikes then we feize,
In hopes to find the foe,
        The capstan here,
        The windlafs there,
We man to the tune of heo hea heo.

II.
Caft loofe your top-fails next, he cries,
        Top-ga'nt fails too, and courfes;
Clue lines and geer let go, my boys,
        Haul home your fheets like horfes
                The mizen loofe–be glib,
                Fore-stay-fail too and gib,
Your down hauls, boys, let go;
        We ftrait comply,
        And eager fly,
And obey to the tune of heo hea heo.

III.
The anchor's up, ho! Next they call:
        Avaft, boys! 'Vaft your heaving,
The cat and fifh we over-haul,
        The handfpikes nimbly leaving.
                And if a profp'rous gale,
                We crowd on every fail,
Whilft our fheets they fweetly flow,
        Along we fwim,
        Our braces trim,
And all to the tune of heo hea heo.

IV.
Then lovely Moll, and Sue, and Beck,
        Their eyes with grief o'er-flowing,
With heavy hearts come upon the deck,
        The rude wind on them blowing;
                One fhort embrace we take,
                Which makes our hearts to ach;
A while we join in woe,
        Nor to our grief
        Obtain relief,
Till charm'd by the fong of heo hea heo.”
[Plymouth in an Uproar: A Musical Farce, Dibdin, 1779]

Help: Dibdin's Naval Airs

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 01 May 22 - 02:24 PM

“BOSSEMAN, f. m. (Officier de l'équipage d'un navire.) A Boatfwain of a ship.

COMMANDE, impérat. Holloa! The, anfwer given by the failors to the mafter, boatfwain, &c. when he calls to them to give them fome order.

Voix, (chanteur, chanteufe.) Voice, finger.

Voix, (en termes de mer.) The fong employed by failors, in hoifting, hauling, heaving, &c.

Donner la voix. To fing out, as in hauling , hoifting, heaving, &c.

A la voix! Mind the man that fings!”
[Dictionnaire Royal François Anglois, 2nd ed., Boyer, 1780]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 01 May 22 - 02:26 PM

“Abhran. A fong. Vide Amhran.
Amhra. A dream, poem.
Amhran. A fong.
Burdan. A gibe, a fing-fong.
Eafnadh. Mufic, fong, melody.
Eafnadh. Time.
Forann. A fhort verfe, verficle, fong.
Iomramh. Iomram. } Rowing.
Iomram. Iomramham. } To row.
Iomramhaidhe. A rower.
Iuarram. Fidgeting; the oar fong, a long libel or rhime.
Oraid. An oration, prayer, declamation.
Oraideach. An orator, declaimer.
Oraidaigham. To declaim.
Oraim. To pray.
Oran. A fong.
Oranach. Full of fongs.
Oranaiche. A fong?ter.
Uran. Courtefy, affability, a fong.”
[A Galic and English Dictionary, Vol.I, Shaw, 1780]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 05 May 22 - 10:50 AM

“CHANTER, v. n. c'eft crier diftinctement & à pleine gorge; hiffa-ho, ha, hiffa, ho, hiffe, afin qu'au dernier mot, exprimé avec plus de force que les autres, tous les gens rangés fur les manœuvres halent enfemble de toutes leurs forces. On chante de différentes manières, felon les circonftances & l'efpèce de travail. ( V* B)

CHANTEUR, f. m. celui qui chante: c'est ordinairement un matelot, ouvrier ou forçat, qui a la voix forte & qui pouffe, à tue-tête, de certains fons d'ufage, pendant l'exécution d'une manœuvre, au moyen defquels les efforts des gens qui y travaillent fe'font enfemble. Voyez CHANTER. (V**)”
[Encyclopedie Methodique Marine, Vol.I, A-Des, Castries, 1783]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 05 May 22 - 10:51 AM

“We got into Rafay's carriage, which was a good ftrong open boat made in Norway. The wind had now rifen pretty high, and was againft us; but we had four ftout rowers, particularly a Macleod, a robust black-haired fellow, half naked, and bareheaded, fomething between a wild Indian and an Englifh tar. Dr. Johnfon fat high on the ftern, like a magnificent Triton. Malcolm fung an Erfe fong, the chorus of which was 'Hatyin foam foam eri,' with words of his own. The tune refembled 'Owr the muir amang the heather.' The boatmen and Mr. M'Queen chorufed, and all went well. At length Malcolm himfelf took an oar, and rowed vigoroufly. We failed along the coaft of Scalpa, a rugged ifland, about four miles in length.” [pp.184-185]

“Our boatmen fung with great fpirit. Dr. Johnfon obferved, that naval mufick was very ancient. As we came near the fhore, the finging of our rowers was fucceeded by that of reapers, who were bufy at work, and who feemed to fhout as much as to fing, while they worked with a bounding activity.” [p.187]

“Laft night Lady Rafay fhewed him the operation of wawking cloth, that is, thickening it in the fame manner as is done by a mill. Here it is performed by women, who kneel upon the ground, and rub it with both their hands, finging an Erfe fong all the time. He was afking queftions while they
were performing this operation, and, amidft their loud and wild howl, his voice was heard even in the room above.”

“Our boatmen were rude fingers, and feemed fo like wild Indians, that a very little imagination was neceffary to give one an impreffion of being upon an American river.” [p.315]
[The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides With S.Johnson, Boswell, 1785]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 05 May 22 - 11:19 AM

“Donner là voix, c'eft une manière de crier lentement, en prononçant quelques mots, à la fin defquels tous ceux qui font rangés fur la manœuvre, tirent enfemble avec force, pour faire travailler comme on le defire. Donne la voix c’eft commander à un des travailleurs de chanter, hiffa, ho, hi, hiffa, ho, hiffe. Voyez Chanter.*

HISSA, ho , ha , hiffa , ô , hiffe; cri ou chant d’un matelot, qui donne la voix pour faire réunir les forces des autres matelots dans le même inftant, afin que tous les efforts réunis faffent un plus grand effet.”
[Encyclopedie Methodique Marine, Vol.II, Des-Mur, Castries, 1786]

*Vol.II got parsed from Vol.I, above, 1783

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 05 May 22 - 11:21 AM

“CALOMAR, f.m. the fong or cry of failors when they hale a rope all together.
ZALA'MA, ZALAME'RIA, f.f. flattery, adulation.
ZALAME'RO, f.m.f, a flatterer.
ZALO'MA, f.f. the ufed by failors working on borad a ship.
ZALOMA'R, v.n. to cry as failors do wen they work on board.”
[Diccionario Español e Ingles, Tom. I, 1786]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 05 May 22 - 11:43 AM

“O! hiffe, ô! faille, ô! hale, ô! Ride; manière courte de donner la voix, pour faire réunir les efforts de chaque homme dans le même inftant, afin de produire un plus grand effet, voyez CHANTER.

OH! hiffe, oh! hale, oh! faille, oh ! ride; ce font des cris que l'on fait en différens temps, our s'accorder dans certains travaux où l'on eft plufieurs , foit qu'il faille hiffer, haler, pouffer ou rider quelque chofe. Voyez ô hiffe! au mot, Hissa.

REPRISE de main, c'e?t l'action de reprendre la manœuvre plus haut en y portant la main, lorfqu'on hiffe main fur main ou à courir; alors l'officier qui commande crie pour encourager les matelots: reprend, enfans, main fur main: ha! ha! ha! à courir.

SAILLER, v. a. faille! c'eft-à-dire, tire ou pouffe avec force & vîteffe, pour hiffer quelque chofe à courir. Lorfqu'on hiffe les huniers, on crie faille! & tout le monde tire en même temps, courant fur le garan des driffes. Sailler de l'avant, c'eft pouffer de l'avant; & failler de l'arrière, c'eft pouffer vers l'arrière: c'eft un commandement. Il faut failler nos mâts de hune de rechange fur l'avant, ou fur l'arrière.... Il faut pouffer ou failler nos bouts - dehors de bonnettes pour gréer ces voiles.”
[Encyclopedie Methodique Marine, Vol.III, Nad-Z, Castries, 1787]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 05 May 22 - 11:44 AM

“CELEUMA: Esta palabra que se lee en tres lugares de Jeremías 25.30.: 48.33. y 51.14. significa el júbilo, y algazara de los vendimiadores, y se aplica á las baladronadas de los vencedores que insultan á los vencidos. El Griego Keleusma significa literalmente los gritos de los Marineros, y el Hebreo Heldad, se dice propriamente de los vendimiadores que gritan hedad, hedad, hedad.”
[Diccionario Historico, Cronologico, Geografico y Universal de la Santa Biblia, A-F, 1788]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 05 May 22 - 11:47 AM

“CALOMáR, V. Zalomar.”
[Diccionario Castellano, Tom.I, Pando, 1786]


“ZALOMA, en la Marina, es la cancion que usan los Marineros cuando halan y tiran de un aparejo, cabo, ó otra cosa en que uno canta, ó zaloma, y los demas responden y tiran á una. Dicc. M. F. Ori, ou certain son, &c. Lat. Vox hortatoria. Basc. Zaloma, zaleuma. V. Lop. De Vega, vid. De San Isidr. Canto 4.
ZALOMAR, hacer zaloma. Fr. Appeller les matelots á manoeuvre. Lat. Celeuesma canere Basc. Zalomatú.”
[Diccionario Castellano: Tom.IV, Pando, 1788]