Lyrics & Knowledge Personal Pages Record Shop Auction Links Radio & Media Kids Membership Help
The Mudcat Cafesj

Post to this Thread - Printer Friendly - Home
Page: [1] [2] [3]


BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH-Dec 2021

Rain Dog 26 Dec 22 - 05:06 AM
Donuel 25 Dec 22 - 11:02 PM
Donuel 29 Nov 22 - 05:49 PM
robomatic 21 Nov 22 - 02:36 PM
Donuel 18 Nov 22 - 09:09 AM
robomatic 15 Nov 22 - 09:24 PM
Donuel 23 Oct 22 - 11:46 AM
Stilly River Sage 23 Oct 22 - 09:49 AM
robomatic 14 Jul 22 - 10:31 PM
Donuel 20 Apr 22 - 10:04 AM
Donuel 12 Apr 22 - 05:26 AM
Donuel 14 Mar 22 - 07:23 PM
Donuel 04 Mar 22 - 12:15 PM
Donuel 19 Feb 22 - 12:56 PM
Donuel 19 Feb 22 - 12:26 PM
Donuel 19 Feb 22 - 12:11 PM
Mr Red 19 Feb 22 - 12:05 PM
Donuel 19 Feb 22 - 09:38 AM
Donuel 17 Feb 22 - 07:16 AM
Donuel 14 Feb 22 - 04:12 PM
Donuel 13 Feb 22 - 02:26 PM
Donuel 13 Feb 22 - 02:17 PM
Steve Shaw 13 Feb 22 - 11:24 AM
Donuel 13 Feb 22 - 11:14 AM
Mr Red 12 Feb 22 - 08:00 AM
Steve Shaw 11 Feb 22 - 07:20 PM
robomatic 11 Feb 22 - 06:27 PM
Steve Shaw 11 Feb 22 - 11:33 AM
Donuel 11 Feb 22 - 08:45 AM
Mr Red 11 Feb 22 - 04:52 AM
robomatic 10 Feb 22 - 01:54 PM
Donuel 10 Feb 22 - 07:03 AM
Donuel 10 Feb 22 - 06:30 AM
Mr Red 10 Feb 22 - 03:26 AM
Steve Shaw 09 Feb 22 - 11:38 AM
Donuel 09 Feb 22 - 10:05 AM
Donuel 09 Feb 22 - 09:21 AM
McGrath of Harlow 09 Feb 22 - 09:05 AM
Donuel 09 Feb 22 - 05:57 AM
Steve Shaw 08 Feb 22 - 08:31 PM
Donuel 08 Feb 22 - 05:18 PM
Steve Shaw 08 Feb 22 - 11:40 AM
Donuel 08 Feb 22 - 11:12 AM
Donuel 08 Feb 22 - 10:43 AM
Steve Shaw 06 Feb 22 - 03:57 PM
robomatic 06 Feb 22 - 03:14 PM
Donuel 06 Feb 22 - 07:21 AM
Steve Shaw 05 Feb 22 - 10:42 AM
Donuel 05 Feb 22 - 09:18 AM
Mr Red 04 Feb 22 - 03:45 PM

Share Thread
more
Lyrics & Knowledge Search [Advanced]
DT  Forum Child
Sort (Forum) by:relevance date
DT Lyrics:













Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH-Dec 2021
From: Rain Dog
Date: 26 Dec 22 - 05:06 AM

So we might get to see who or what lit the blue touch paper?


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH-Dec 2021
From: Donuel
Date: 25 Dec 22 - 11:02 PM

A new telescope should be able to image the infant universe in its first moment. I don't think its interferometer will work but I don't believe that inflation happened. I believe that time mererly stopped to a crawl in the presence of new immense mass. Kaku believes it may even image a pre big bang universe. Again I don't think so.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH-Dec 2021
From: Donuel
Date: 29 Nov 22 - 05:49 PM

Sonifications made from the data from pressure waves from black holes, nebulas, and other cosmic bodies are a wonder to hear. Black holes are the deepest sounds in the universe at 52 octaves below our hearing so the data has to be modified for us to hear.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH-Dec 2021
From: robomatic
Date: 21 Nov 22 - 02:36 PM

Artemis seems to be suffering from a lack of puliciy due to its great success. Once launched, its liftoff was successful, and it has been on its designated path, currently circling the moon.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH-Dec 2021
From: Donuel
Date: 18 Nov 22 - 09:09 AM

The Webb can look through clouds. Here young clouds of matter are feeding this proto star. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2211/weic2219a.jpg


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH-Dec 2021
From: robomatic
Date: 15 Nov 22 - 09:24 PM

Bright and early Wednesday monring about 1300 hours Eastern Time U.S. we are sposed to have a launch of Artemis, who is feeling a bit left out in the rain a coupla times.

Fingers crossed!


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH-Dec 2021
From: Donuel
Date: 23 Oct 22 - 11:46 AM

The bigger story is if that red black hole is a primordial black hole that came directly from the big bang that they have been looking for.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH-Dec 2021
From: Stilly River Sage
Date: 23 Oct 22 - 09:49 AM

Space.com video: James Webb space telescope view of the Pillars of Creation

Astronomers have discovered a cluster of galaxies merging around a rare red quasar, a "monster" supermassive black hole that is greedily feeding on gas and other material.

An international team of scientists made the surprising discovery as they were using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to stare billions of years back in time. The finding represents an opportunity to observe how early galaxies merged forming the universe as we see it today. The blindingly bright quasar and extremely red quasar, known as SDSS J165202.64+172852.3, is about 11.5 billion years old and one of the most powerful ever seen from a such tremendous distance away, according to the researchers, who describe it as a black hole in formation.

"We think something dramatic is about to happen in these systems," Andrey Vayner, research co-author and an astrophysicist at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland, said in a statement. "The galaxy is at this perfect moment in its lifetime, about to transform and look entirely different in a few billion years."


James Webb Space Telescope spies galaxies merging around 'monster' black hole


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH-Dec 2021
From: robomatic
Date: 14 Jul 22 - 10:31 PM

This past week we've had our first official picture downloads and the very happy project members have been interviewed on nightly news and 60 Minutes. Today on NPR (US public radio) mention was made that they have made the most of their fuel supply and could be up and running for a couple of decades, if the creek don't rise and the micro-meteoroids allow.

The photos I've seen have been HD Screen worthy beyond any of my laptops.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 20 Apr 22 - 10:04 AM

Webb has reached operational temperature and is focused.
We are going to see the internal structure of Orion's belt nebula first.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 12 Apr 22 - 05:26 AM

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220404.html


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 14 Mar 22 - 07:23 PM

Einstien solved the gravity question 100 years ago as an effect of matter curving spacetime's direction but were still bent out of shape over quantum gravity. I say forget it. It's probably the same force that gathers dust bunnies together. Quantum gravity may just be electro dynamic as well. That is my simplistic and naieve conclusion.
Anyone else have an opinion or better yet, an answer ?


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 04 Mar 22 - 12:15 PM

Webb is focusing


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 19 Feb 22 - 12:56 PM

Some folks believe that dark matter is primordial dark matter stuff that can be tiny atomic size to ultra massive size. A primordial black hole has to be made of different material than visible matter fed black holes since there wasn't enough time to grow to such enormous sizes so soon after the big bang...
they think.
Only one part in a billion of matter remaining from the matter anti matter annihilation survived which is the visible matter we see. What about the 999,999,999 remainder of disintegrated annihilated matter? Much of it is energy but a small amount is the strange debris that might be primordial black hole stuff or dark matter. That dark matter out numbers visible matter by 70 to 90% compared to the small amount of visible matter.
If this sounds familiar congratulations, you understood me the first time around 10 years ago. Of course I could be wrong but thats the way I see it. Of course I can't see dark matter. Some say primoridial black hole stuff is less dense than than normal black hole stuff.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 19 Feb 22 - 12:26 PM

Genius can be seeing what we all see but thinking about it differently than anyone else alive. Like the quantum laws, rationality can be less than worthless. Neuroplasticity lasts a lifetime so even old dogmatic minds can learn new tricks.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 19 Feb 22 - 12:11 PM

Touche
a good cosmic primer


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Mr Red
Date: 19 Feb 22 - 12:05 PM

dark matter & spin sound remarkably political to me.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 19 Feb 22 - 09:38 AM

video


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 17 Feb 22 - 07:16 AM

I suspect if we ever crack dark matter open, we will see a surprising result regarding [spin].


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 14 Feb 22 - 04:12 PM

happy valentine


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 13 Feb 22 - 02:26 PM

I see London I see France...


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 13 Feb 22 - 02:17 PM

Sorry Mr. Horrible Boss
I can't do that since I have more questions than answers.
For example we should see steller nurseries with Webb but will we see ancient ultra
massive black holes from their hot accretion disks shifted to the red so long ago? They shouldn't be able to exist but we don't know yet.
Black hole spotting is very rare today since...we can't see them.
We can see their accretion disks or jets or gravitational effects on other bodies.
So will we see black holes with the Webb? How old can they be? What will be their composition? Will we find the missing sizes of black holes? We should be able to see stars being born more clearly but there are more questions we do not even know to ask yet. Will we see star grave yards by the name of black holes never seen before?


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Steve Shaw
Date: 13 Feb 22 - 11:24 AM

We tell it as it truly is, Donuel old chap. Now suck it up, look at yourself and talk to us about telescopes in space, right? The first images are now coming back to us, a mosaic of 18 images of the same star seen by the 18 mirror segments. The images will be used to align the mirrors correctly so that future images will be pin-sharp. My understanding of the technicalities is limited but it's enough to get me excited.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 13 Feb 22 - 11:14 AM

Conviviality enhances idea sharing more than a tale of two trolls.
I see that oft repeating formula for thread closure over exploration as an empty bleak waste of time. You would think old people would eventually evolve beyond the 90's 'flaming' behavior. But for familiar reasons some ill intentioned people, the familiar is all they will ever know. What are those familiar reasons? Its as we all know, when people really don't like themselves.
My unrequested advice is to forgive yourself. It is an old panacea like the defintion of the word 'karma' in original Sanscrit -
karma: to take action with a moral choice to bring good into the world.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Mr Red
Date: 12 Feb 22 - 08:00 AM

GB Fireballs over Puerto Rico likely from doomed Starlink batch Satellites are not as dense** as meteorites, and are moving slower so the have time to heat right through.

**unlike people who have the hubris to claim gainsaying opinions on everything. And unbelievable expressions of false modesty.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Steve Shaw
Date: 11 Feb 22 - 07:20 PM

Quite. He's a severe interruption to the delicious learning curve which I've been on since I was five (sixty-five years ago). He almost makes me feel that I should join the incurious hordes of the grown-ups....


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: robomatic
Date: 11 Feb 22 - 06:27 PM

Steve: Good luck trying to sop up all the troll juice being leaked by your favorite poster. I've just settled on the theory that anything that is ostensibly fact related from him is questionable and suspect. The only difference between his troll juice and Trmp juice is the direction of splatter.

Reminds me of the observation someone made of the words of Alex Jones is that after listening to him you will know less than you knew before he started talking.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Steve Shaw
Date: 11 Feb 22 - 11:33 AM

Except that meteorites don't burn up completely.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 11 Feb 22 - 08:45 AM

They looked like slow meteorites as they burned up completely.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Mr Red
Date: 11 Feb 22 - 04:52 AM

It is my guess that Elon Musk, using his first principles, would have reasoned that satellites that small would burn-up completely. Small means lighter payload getting them up there, thus more on each shot.

Indeed the likely up-shot, is grape shot. :)

He did study physics at Uni.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: robomatic
Date: 10 Feb 22 - 01:54 PM

I want to know their insurance carrier. I once was told that my family's house was not insured against 'terror'. There is no doubt a policy for private satellites now. With their own definition of Force Majeure.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 10 Feb 22 - 07:03 AM

There wasn't time to pay the fine
so perhaps inflation theory has a point regarding a violation of the laws of a universal speed limit. Obviously space moves faster than light or their couldn't be black holes.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 10 Feb 22 - 06:30 AM

The solar storm seen in Norway had another effect...
SpaceX’s newest fleet of satellites is tumbling out of orbit after being struck by a solar storm

Up to 40 of the 49 small satellites launched last week have either reentered the atmosphere and burned up, or are on the verge of doing so, the company said in an online update Tuesday night.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Mr Red
Date: 10 Feb 22 - 03:26 AM

If there's a "very beginning" then there must have been time.

If there's time where did they park the winged chariot?


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Steve Shaw
Date: 09 Feb 22 - 11:38 AM

If there's a "very beginning" then there must have been time.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 09 Feb 22 - 10:05 AM

The stronger the gravity the slower time goes.
If near infinite gravity existed at the big bang it could slow time to a stop, a bit like black holes. Also the faster the velocites the more mass grows. PERHAPS TIME WAS STOPPED INSTEAD OF IMPOSSIBLE INFLATION IDEAS.

PS
"How wude"
quote: Jar Jar Binks


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 09 Feb 22 - 09:21 AM

That is very insightful. The same incomparability happens with time.
I am a rogue who does not believe evrything about the theory of inflation. It only seems impossible because there was no time at the very beginning.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: McGrath of Harlow
Date: 09 Feb 22 - 09:05 AM

Quite often people here do seem to respond rudely as a way of carrying on little fights that might have started in other threads about completely different topics. Seems pretty strange, but no accounting for foibles like that.
………….
I can never understand how it's possible to talk about how big the universe was to start with. What could you measure it against?


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 09 Feb 22 - 05:57 AM

Different telescopes see diiferent wavelengths and can create composite photos like this star ... this video changes tommorrow


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Steve Shaw
Date: 08 Feb 22 - 08:31 PM

It was a polite request arising from puzzlement as to how your post was relevant, as there was no reference, implicit or explicit, to the new telescope therein. It's unfortunate and puzzling that you decided to respond rudely.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 08 Feb 22 - 05:18 PM

Go fly a kite. Its Nat. Kite Flying Day today.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Steve Shaw
Date: 08 Feb 22 - 11:40 AM

And this relates how to what we're talking about?


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 08 Feb 22 - 11:12 AM

Type one A super novas come from binary stars when one star is a white dwarf and has a runaway nuke explosion with matter from the other star.
The umbrella galaxy is a red giant and a white dwarf where the white dwarf explodes only partially. Depending on the elderly stars in a binary system, they can do unexpected things. Neutron binary stars warp gravity. Binary black holes combine to make bigger black holes and ripples the universe for billions of light years. Some super massive black holes are mysteriously big at the early universe.
How did they grow ?
We just don't know.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 08 Feb 22 - 10:43 AM

Norway turns green from solar wind.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Steve Shaw
Date: 06 Feb 22 - 03:57 PM

"Center of mass orbit >3000 miles underground?"

What does this mean? I gave the numbers as I found them, and this statement doesn't relate to what I said.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: robomatic
Date: 06 Feb 22 - 03:14 PM

It's the gravity dance. Kind of like swinging your partner when one of you is more 'mass'-ive than the other. You find a common point around which you are moving. Like when Peter dances with Lois.

Double suns do this. I haven't heard much about double suns lately but I expect to hear more about them soon.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 06 Feb 22 - 07:21 AM

Center of mass orbit >3000 miles underground? No wonder the tides are so dramatic. They used to be even bigger when the moon was closer. The lunar orbit continues to drift away from Earth. There is a strange orbit of a body behind Earth's orbital direction that orbits in a corkscrew fashion.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Steve Shaw
Date: 05 Feb 22 - 10:42 AM

The centre of mass of the earth-moon system is 1058 miles inside the earth measured from the surface, whereas the centre of the core is 3958 miles down. I think it would be true to say that all pairs of bodies, in which one appears to be in orbit around the other, follow the rule that they both actually "orbit" around their centre of mass. In the case of the telescope and the point L2, there isn't a centre of mass because L2 hasn't got mass. That's why the wiki article states that the halo "orbit" isn't an orbit in the usual sense. But a physics thickie such as meself is perfectly happy, for sheer convenience, to talk about it as if it was.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Donuel
Date: 05 Feb 22 - 09:18 AM

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2202/archives_raquarii.jpg
Explanation: Variable star R Aquarii is actually an interacting binary star system, two stars that seem to have a close symbiotic relationship. Centered in this space-based optical/x-ray composite image it lies about 710 light years away. The intriguing system consists of a cool red giant star and hot, dense white dwarf star in mutual orbit around their common center of mass. With binoculars you can watch as R Aquarii steadily changes its brightness over the course of a year or so. The binary system's visible light is dominated by the red giant, itself a Mira-type long period variable star (Joe). But material in the cool giant star's extended envelope is pulled by gravity onto the surface of the smaller, denser white dwarf (Steve), eventually triggering a thermonuclear explosion, blasting material into space. Astronomers have seen such outbursts over recent decades. Evidence for much older outbursts is seen in these spectacular structures spanning almost a light-year as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (in red and blue). Data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory (in purple) shows the X-ray glow from shock waves created as a jet from the white dwarf strikes surrounding material. When a collision is enevitable it is not expected to form a black hole.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate

Subject: RE: BS: SPACE - James Webb Telescope LAUNCH
From: Mr Red
Date: 04 Feb 22 - 03:45 PM

Ho ho ho. Not all moons truly orbit around their planet, it depends on their relative masses. They orbit around the centre of mass. Which is never in the centre of the larger body (eg Earth) and in some cases the focus is outside the larger body, both orbit around nothing. Oooer.

One thing the video shows, it that the JWST's trajectory is not normal to the plane of the Earth but at 33º off 90.

And the narrator does mention that all the planets affect the orbit (and moons). Adding to normal corrections every 21 days to maintain an elliptical orbit. I actually got into the video after the first 30 seconds.


Post - Top - Home - Printer Friendly - Translate


Next Page

 


You must be a member to post in non-music threads. Join here.


You must be a member to post in non-music threads. Join here.



Mudcat time: 19 May 10:51 PM EDT

[ Home ]

All original material is copyright © 2022 by the Mudcat Café Music Foundation. All photos, music, images, etc. are copyright © by their rightful owners. Every effort is taken to attribute appropriate copyright to images, content, music, etc. We are not a copyright resource.