The electoral districts are redistributed and boundaries adjusted every 10 years after the decennial census, as is done in the U.S. It isn't a speedy process, usually taking about four years before the reports with the recommended changes are tabled in the House. There are limits to what changes are possible, as Quebec has been guaranteed that their representation will not be reduced. PEI is also a fly in the ointment, as they have four senators and, by the constitution, it cannot have less representation in the Commons than they have in the Senate; with a population of about 160,000, it is hard to justify three ridings in PEI, let alone four.

An interesting outcome from the pandemic is that, as work from home becomes a more common option and it allows people to move from denser areas (urban ridings) to less dense areas (rural ridings), the migration may cause a change in demographics and politics that will change the face of Canada.