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Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?

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Steve Gardham 24 May 21 - 03:59 PM
Jack Campin 24 May 21 - 04:33 PM
Dave Rado 25 May 21 - 02:43 PM
Dave Rado 25 May 21 - 02:46 PM
Steve Gardham 25 May 21 - 04:00 PM
Dave Rado 26 May 21 - 10:32 AM
Dave Rado 26 May 21 - 10:34 AM
GUEST,Booter 26 May 21 - 11:19 AM
Brian Peters 26 May 21 - 02:05 PM
Brian Peters 26 May 21 - 02:45 PM
Brian Peters 26 May 21 - 02:50 PM
Jack Campin 26 May 21 - 05:38 PM
Steve Gardham 27 May 21 - 05:16 PM
Steve Gardham 01 Jun 21 - 10:20 AM
GUEST 04 Aug 21 - 08:51 PM
Dave Rado 04 Aug 21 - 08:52 PM
Steve Gardham 05 Aug 21 - 06:29 AM
Dave Rado 05 Aug 21 - 09:30 AM
Bill D 05 Aug 21 - 02:41 PM
Bill D 05 Aug 21 - 03:01 PM
Dave Rado 05 Aug 21 - 05:50 PM
Bill D 05 Aug 21 - 06:20 PM
GUEST,Booter 06 Aug 21 - 07:27 AM
Mo the caller 14 Jun 23 - 03:08 PM
Steve Gardham 14 Jun 23 - 04:39 PM
Mo the caller 15 Jun 23 - 03:34 AM
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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Steve Gardham
Date: 24 May 21 - 03:59 PM

Having now had a listen to the tune it doesn't sound much like most traditional tunes I know. It does to me have a similarity to Tudor pieces I have heard and those of The Robin Hood type. The nearest I could get to some of the phrases in trad tunes were 'Young Banker',
'Just as the tide was flowing' and Joseph Taylor's tune for 'Sprig of Thyme'.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Jack Campin
Date: 24 May 21 - 04:33 PM

I don't have any definite example of Motherwell notating a song in the field, but the tone of those notes in Blaikie (written for his own use) suggest confidence with notation.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Dave Rado
Date: 25 May 21 - 02:43 PM

Very interesting discussion, many thanks.

Regarding Brian Peters' comment that:
The same tune crops up for #81 in the recently-published 1909 collection of the Kentucky ballad collector Katherine Jackson French. However, it's pretty obvious that she copied it from Chappell and grafted on the text of a Kentucky version collected by Olive Dame Campbell - something the editor doesn't seem to have spotted.
There is a version of Little Musgrave (not Matty Groves although it's American), sung by Jean Ritchie, who came from Kentucky - and the tune she sang it to sounds to me as if it was based loosely on the Motherwell/Chappell/Rimbault tune, although it's very different from it - there's a youtube recording here. Do others hear a simiilarity between her tune and the British one?

Dave


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Dave Rado
Date: 25 May 21 - 02:46 PM

the Jean Ritchie recording is the only American recording I've heard whose tune seems to me to be related to the British one - and it's also the only American recording that refers to Little Musgrave rather than Matty Groves (although it's Lord Arnold rather than Barnard in her rendition).


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Steve Gardham
Date: 25 May 21 - 04:00 PM

Jean's lovely tune reminds me of the tunes I've hear to 'Lord Thomas and Fair Eleanor'. I can't hear a resemblance to Motherwell's. Her tune is in Bronson's Ab group of 15 versions mostly from the Appalachians. If you're interested in the tune families to the 74 versions of the tune he gives, reading his headnotes would be a must. They don't mean much to me as I don't understand the technical language used. He does tentatively make a connection of one branch of the American tunes to the Motherwell tune.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Dave Rado
Date: 26 May 21 - 10:32 AM

Thanks Steve - I guess I must have imagined a resemblance between those tunes.

I'm confused about something Jack wrote though. In one post he wrote:
Karen says Chappell's publication of this song predates his feud with the Scottish musical establishment, so there may not be any ulterior motive behind him cutting Motherwell out of the narrative
But in an earlier post Jack wrote:
Chappell's position that Scottish tradition was overrated runs right through PMOT. He was pretty unpleasant about it.
I don't understand how those two statements can both be right, given that Chappell only ever published the song in PMOT? The statement from Karen seems to me to imply that PMOT predated Chappell's feud with the Scottish musical establishment, but Jack's earlier statement seems to be to imply that his feud runs through PMOT. Presumably I must be misunderstanding something?

Dave


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Dave Rado
Date: 26 May 21 - 10:34 AM

Interesting that Bronson thought there was a connection between one branch of the American tunes and the Motherwell one - but it would seem that branch has never been recorded.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: GUEST,Booter
Date: 26 May 21 - 11:19 AM

James Madison Carpenter collected 4 versions in NE Scotland in the 1930s. These can be accessed via the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. He transcribed the tunes for some and recorded one I think from Bell Duncan though the recording is not the best. Was wondering how these compare with the Chappell and Motherwell tunes,


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Brian Peters
Date: 26 May 21 - 02:05 PM

I've just listened to the Jean Ritchie version, learned (according to Bronson) from her Uncle Jason. Her tune is the fairly commonplace one collected several times by Sharp and others in the mountains, but prettier than most on account of that little lift from the 5th at the beginning of the third phrase.

The really interesting thing, though, is the text, which is clearly an Americanized rendition of Child 81A, the 'Wit Restor'd' version - curiously 'Lord Bernard' is changed to 'Arnol', but 'Little Musgrave' remains unaltered. I wonder whether it was Jean or her Uncle who reconstructed the ballad.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Brian Peters
Date: 26 May 21 - 02:45 PM

Thanks, Booter, for directing us to those examples from Carpenter. Astonishing that the ballad was still going strong in 1930, even though Greig doesn't seem to have found it.

There are three Carpenter versions with tunes. Mr Campbell's is rather like the tune for 'Young Allan', while Mrs, Campbell's is a lot simpler and more repetitive. Both are modal with a gapped scale. Bell Duncan's is pentatonic (no 4 or 7) and major, again fairly simple. None of them looks to me much like the one in Chappell, though it's just occurred to me that Chappell's is similar to that of 'Lucy Wan' as published in Lloyd and Vaughan Williams' Penguin Book (from Mrs Dann of Cambridge). Good news for Dave Rado in his search for an English tune since, even if Chappell did copy it out of Motherwell via Rimbault, it does appear that it saw service as a generic ballad tune in England!


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Brian Peters
Date: 26 May 21 - 02:50 PM

Actually, Bell Duncan's reminds me a bit of the Marrowbones version of 'John Blunt', which Nick Dow believes was brought to Dorset by Scottish troops, if I remember rightly.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Jack Campin
Date: 26 May 21 - 05:38 PM

Some of Macaulay's work is here. I think she's written more on Chappell specifically. This should help with some of Dave's questions anyway.


U of Glasgow thesis


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Steve Gardham
Date: 27 May 21 - 05:16 PM

Thanks for that, Jack! Looks to be straight up my street. But that's a lot of reading.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Steve Gardham
Date: 01 Jun 21 - 10:20 AM

Refresh!


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: GUEST
Date: 04 Aug 21 - 08:51 PM

Apologies for the delay but I've finally read the section on Chappell in Karen McAulay's thesis - many thanks to Jack for the link.

IMO she doesn't paint Chappell in a negative light at all, and doesn't consider him to have been anti-Scots. He did have a mission to dispel the myth that England had no national music, and he did make some mistakes, but she doesn't seem to think he had an "agenda" in the sense of the word that would imply he would be willing to intentionally twist the truth or mislead people in order to promote his aims. I think she considers him to have made serious efforts to be fair. Many of his Scottish contemporaries did consider him to have been anti-Scottish but Karen seems to think that this says more about their Scottish nationalism and their dislike of the idea that some tunes that were then considered to have been Scottish might actually have originated in England than it does about Chappell.

She points out that he had planned to write a collection of Scots tunes, and although he never got round to it he did do some work on this. She ends her section on Chappell by writing:
William Chappell clearly enjoyed a continued interest in Scottish music, and was meticulous in his efforts to set the record straight as he perceived it. Admittedly, some would argue that his theories might have been misguided. Yet arguably it was not this, so much as the sensitivity of nationalist epistemologies that caused such upset.
If we accept that he was basically honest and meticulous and that he tried to be fair, which Karen clearly believes to be the case, then I don't see why we can't accept that when he wrote: "The tune is the usual traditional version", he honestly believed that to be true. Maybe he did get the transcription he used from Rimbault but I don't think that proves that he didn't also hear it sung orally as a traditional tune.

The fact that he didn't quote his source for the tune seems to me to have been unfairly held against him in this thread, given that it applies equally to both Rimbault and to Motherwell.

Steve says the tune has a similarity to Tudor pieces in style, and if true, that would back up the idea that it is possible that it goes back to the origins of the song, which were indeed in the Tudor period. (It was first quoted from in a 1611 play so it was clearly already very well known by then, which means it was probably dates back at least to the Elizabethan era).

So I think it is fair to say that it is a traditional tune that the song was probably sung to in both England and Scotland in much of the 19th century and quite likely much earlier; and that it is possible that it is as old as the song itslef.

I also think it's highly likely that it originated in the Durham area, given the protagonists' names; and so I'm going to sing it in a Northumberland accent.

Many thanks for everyone's help with this, it's been fascinating.

Dave


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Dave Rado
Date: 04 Aug 21 - 08:52 PM

Sorry I forgot to reset the cookie - that last post was by me!


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Steve Gardham
Date: 05 Aug 21 - 06:29 AM

The Musgraves and the Barnards held land all over the north and in Scotland, and very likely the south as well. All of the rich and powerful had this going back many centuries, mainly through intermarriage, probably before any of the ballads were made.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Dave Rado
Date: 05 Aug 21 - 09:30 AM

Hi Steve

I know but they were still both associated primarily with Northumberland. And there is only one Lord Barnard at any given time and he was associated primarily with Northumberland. It just seems highly likely to me that the song would have originated in that region. I realise there's no proof.

Dave


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Bill D
Date: 05 Aug 21 - 02:41 PM

In over 70 versions I have, the only one... so far.. that seems to 'feel' like a different tune is Jeannie Robertsons. She sings more slowly than most others and put her own stamp on it.

I will gradually explore a few others, but the Nic Jones tune seems to dominate.


Now... I just listened to the Martin Carthy version from above, and it is a bit like Robertson's. I am not a scholar of these things..only a collector.. but I wouldn't be surprised if Carthy hadn't heard and played with Robertson's.

   In any case, I enjoy those more than the faster versions with over-done, twangy, guitar.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Bill D
Date: 05 Aug 21 - 03:01 PM

Now, upon looking on YouTube, I see a quite different, more 'spirited' version by Jeanne Robertson than the MP3 I have.

   (I have problems singing "Lord Randall" because I have 3-4 very different versions in my head.)

In folkdom, it's never been required to do a song exactly the same way every time.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Dave Rado
Date: 05 Aug 21 - 05:50 PM

Martin Carthy wrote in his sleeve notes that he set his version to the tune of a completely unrelated folk song called "The Holy Well."


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Bill D
Date: 05 Aug 21 - 06:20 PM

Ok.. I don't have the Prince Heathen LP. I just thought his tune 'felt' a lot like hers in style.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: GUEST,Booter
Date: 06 Aug 21 - 07:27 AM

It’s well documented that Jeannie learned her version from a visiting American folklorist- Sandy Paton.


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Mo the caller
Date: 14 Jun 23 - 03:08 PM

Interesting discussion.
I've been listening to the men of our choir rehearsing the Benjamin Britten version and wondering where he got the tune from. Certainly doesn't sound like the tune usually sung (e.g. the Kipper version).


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Steve Gardham
Date: 14 Jun 23 - 04:39 PM

Regarding Chappell's attitude to Scottish ballads, this is only my own theory based on wide reading, Chappell's attitude comes out more in his editorship of The Roxburghe Ballads completed by Ebsworth who shared this view. Other near contemporaries and earlier, mostly English, but some Scottish, like Ritson and Chambers, thought that a large percentage of the Scottish ballads had been written by the Scottish literati and there is plenty of evidence to suggest this was rife (Lady Nairn, Lord Hailes, Elizabeth St Clair, even Mrs Brown perhaps) following in the wake of Percy (who was English). Of course, except where a few were found out and confessed, there was very little proof. If someone makes up a ballad using all the standard characteristics and their mates make up a few variants for good measure, unless in the unlikely case of any evidence surviving, where is the proof?


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Subject: RE: Tune Req: Trad. English tune for Little Musgrave?
From: Mo the caller
Date: 15 Jun 23 - 03:34 AM

You could end up down a warren of rabbit holes trying to work out a timeline and family tree for the words and tunes to this song.
If Wiki is to be believed,in the early 20th century it was more popular (or at least more collected) in the Appalachians than in England and Scotland.
Composed in 1943 Britten's version seems to be earlier than any of the revivals/'commercial' versions (American recordings from 1956 onwards, Fairport 1969).
Has anyone got the Britten version to compare with published versions of the tune?


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