Maritime work song in general

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 18 May 22 - 09:27 PM

“Celeufma, atis, cri des matelots qui rament.
Celeuftes, æ, celui qui fait manœuvrer les matelots.”
[Dictionnaire Étymologique et Raisonné des Racines Latines, Gébelin, 1780]


“CELEUSMA, grido di molte perfone, che fi eccitano vicendevolmenteal combattimento, o alla fatica; Nequaquam (diceGeremia cap.xxxxv???.) calcator uvæ folitum celeufma cantabit. E nel cap. xxv. Celeufma quafi calcantium concinetur adverfus omnes habitatores terræ: cioè, come coloro che peftano le uve, cacciano fuori de' gridi per incoraggirfi al, travaglio, o per rallegrarfi; così i Babilo nefi s' incoraggeranno gli uni cogli altri per avventarfi contro Gerusalemme, e rallegrarfi della fua perdita.”
[Dizionario Portatile della Bibbia, Vol.1, Alletz, 1781]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 18 May 22 - 09:28 PM

“CELEUSTES, in the ships of the ancients, was the boatswain, or other officer appointed to give the fignal to the rowers, when to pull, and when to stop their hands. –– The strokes of the oar were directed by a fong or Formula, called Celeufma. The Celeuftes was also called Epopeus, and by the Romans, Portifculus, or fimply Hortator.–– Ovid. Met. L. 3. v. 618, &c.”
[An Archæological Dictionary: Or, Classical Antiquities of the Jews, Greeks, and Romans, Wilson, 1781]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 18 May 22 - 09:30 PM

“I Vafcelli del Giappone hanno comunemente 30., ovvero 50. Reinatori per tirare il Remo, allorchè il vento cade: quefti Rematori fono affifi fopra di alcuni Banchi che fono pofti dalla parte della Poppa; remano in cadenza full' aria di una canzona, o fopra il tuono di alcune parole, ovvero fopra un fuono che ferve nel medefimo tempo a regolare la loro Manoeuvre, e farli prendere coraggio, a fomiglianza degl' Antichi Greci, che venivano efortati con un grido che chiamavano Celeusma a raddoppiare i loro sforzi. Quefto grido era, fecondo Aristofane,, rhippapè ,, ovvero ,, oop ,, il Celeufma era ancora in ufo preffo i Marinari Romani, I Comandanti con i loro Celeufma, dice Arriano, ordinavano ai Rematori di cominciare, o di ceffare; ed i Rematori rifpondendo con un grido, e muovevano tutti in un medesimo tempo i loro Remi.”
[Istoria dell' Origine, e Progressi della Nautica Antica, Bechi, 1785]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 18 May 22 - 09:31 PM

“CALOMAR, s.m. Cri des matelots lorsqu'ils manœuvrent dans le vasisseau. Lat. Celeusma.
[Nuevo Diccionario Espanola-Francesa y Latina, 1st ed, Vol.I, Pt.I, A-E, Cormon, 1789]



“SALOMA, s.f. L'action de crier des matelots, dans leurs manœuvres. L. Nautica opera canendo acta.
SALOMAR, Crier tons ensemble. Se dit des matelots qui, dans leurs manœuvres, jettent des cris pour s'avertir de tirer ou de pousser en un même tems. Lat. Nauticam operam canendo agere.
[Nuevo Diccionario Espanola-Francesa y Latina, 1st ed, Vol.II F-Z, Cormon, 1789]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 18 May 22 - 09:32 PM

“CALOMAR, s.m. Cri des matelots lorsqu'ils manœuvrent dans le vasisseau. Lat. Celeusma.
Chirriar, Terme de marine. Donner du sifflet, commandement que le comitè d'une galère ou autres officiers de vaisseau font, pour faire manœuvrer la chiourme, ou les matelots.
SALOMA, s.f. L'action de crier des matelots, dans leurs manœuvres. L. Nautica opera canendo acta.
SALOMAR, Crier tous ensemble. Se dit des matelots qui, dans leurs manœuvres, jettent des cris pour s'avertir de tirer ou de pousser en un mème tems. Lat. Nauticam operam canendo agere.”
[Dictionaire Espagnol-François et François-Espagnol, Sejournant, 1789]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 May 22 - 05:39 AM

“Calomar, fubft. m. Cri des Matelos pour s'encourager à l'ouvrage. Lat. Celeufma.
Faena, subft. f. Manœuvre, fervice des matelots fur un vaiffeau; *ouvrage, travail pénible à faire dans une maifon. Opera nautica vel domeftica.”
[Nouveau Dictionnaire Espagñol et François, François et Espagñol, Vol.I, A-F, Gattel, 1790]


“CELEUSMA, the cry or fhout whereby feamen anciently animated each other to their work of rowing.
CELEUSMA was afso a kind of fong rehearsed or played by the mafter, or others, to direct the ftrokes and movements of the mariners, as well as to excite them to labour. It alfo denoted the joyful acclamations of vintagers, and the fhouts of the conquerors over the vanquished. In process of time the Chriftians fung hymns and pfalms in vessels, by way of celeufma, in which the words amen and hallelujah were frequently repeated.
CELEUSTES, the boatfwain or officer appointed, among the ancients, to give the rowers the fignal when they were to pull, and when to ftop. See CELEUSMA.”
[The New Royal Cyclopaedia; or Modern Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, Howard, 1790]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 May 22 - 05:41 AM

“CELEUSMA, or CELEUMA, in antiquity, the fhout or cry of the feamen, whereby they animated each other in their work of rowing. The word is formed from … to call, to give the fignal.
CELEUSMA was alfo a kind of fong or formula, rehearfed or played by the mafter, or others, to direct the ftrokes and movements of the mariners, as well as to encourage them to labour. See CELEUSTES.
CELEUSTES, in ancient navigation, the boatfwain or officer appointed to give the rowers the fignal, when they were to pull, and when to ftop. He was alfo denominated epopeus, and by the Romans portifculus; fometimes fimply hortator.”
[Encyclopædia Britannica; Or, a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, Vol.4, 1791]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 May 22 - 05:42 AM

“NOISE
The mariners' noife, * Celeufma, atis, n.”
[A New Latin-English Dictionary, Young, 1792]


“CELEUSMA, atis, n, Afc. grido, o canto di marinari, che fcambievelmensa animanfi a vogare.”
[Vocabolario Italiano-Latino, Vol.II, 1792]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 25 May 22 - 10:43 AM

“CHANTER, v. n. c'eft crier diftictement & à pleine gorge; hiffa-ho, ha, hiffa, ho, hiffe, afin qu'au denier mot, exprimé avec plus de force que les autres, tous les gens rangés fur les manœuvres halent enfemble de touts leurs forces. On chante de diffèrentes manières, felon les circonftances & l'efpèce de travail. (V*B)

CHANTEUR, f. m. celui qui chante: c'eft ordinairement un matelot, ouvrier ou forçat, qui a la voix forte & qui pouffe, à rue-têt, de certains fons d'ufage, pendant l'exécution d'une manœuvre, ua moyen defquels les efforts des gens qui y travaillent fe font enfemble. Voyez CHANTER. (V**)”

“O!, hiffe, ô!faille, ô! hale, ô! Ride; manière courte de donner la voix, pour faire réunir les efforts de chaque homme dans le même inftant, afin de produire un plus grand effet, voyez CHANTER.

REPRISE de main, c'eft l'action de reprendre la manœuvre plus haut en y portant la main, lorfqu'on hiffe main fur main ou à courir; alors l'officier qui commande crie pour encourager les matelots: reprend, enfans, main fur main: ha! ha! ha! à courir.

SAILLER, v. a. faille! c'eft-à-dire, tire ou pouffe avec force & vîteffe, pour hiffer quelque chofe à courir. Lorfqu'on hiffe les huniers, on crie faille! & tout le monde tire en même temps, courant fur le garan des drisses. Sailler de l'avant, c'eft pouffer de l'avant; & failler de l'arrière, c'eft pouffer vers l'arrière: c'eft un commandement. Il faut failler nos mâts de hune de rechange sur l'avant, ou fur l'arrière.... Il faut pouffer ou failler nos bouts - dehors de bonnettes pour gréer ces voiles.

VOIX, f. f. fon qui fort de la bouche de l'homme. La marine emploie ce mot dans ces façons de parler: être à la voix, à portée de la voix; c'eft être affez près pour fe faire enténdre en parlant avec le porte-voix ou fans porte-voix. Nous commençâmes le combat à portée de la voix, & peu après nous abordâmes. Donner la voix, voyez
DONNER LA VOIX. A la voix, c'eft commander aux gens de l'équipage de travailler au fon de la voix, afin de faire effort tous enfemble.”
[Dictionnaire Encyclopedique de Marine, Vol.I-III, Duclarebois, 1793]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 25 May 22 - 10:46 AM

“Appeller les matelots à la manouvre. Zalomar, hacer la zaloma; en la Marina es una cancion que usan los marineros cuando hacen su maniobra. V. Dice. De las quatro leng. La voz zaloma.
Celeusma, tos, m. Calomar, zalomar, voz de Marineros cuando hacen la maniobra.
Isop. Voz con que se excitan entre sí los marineros á izar las velas.”
[Diccionario Castellano, Pando, 1793]



“Appeller les matleots à la manouvre. Zalomar, hacer la zaloma; en la Marina es una cancion que usan los marineros cuando hacen su maniobra. V. Dice. de las cuatro leng. la voz zaloma.
Celeusma, tos, m. Calomar, zalomar, voz de Marineros cuando hacen la maniobra.”
[Los Tres Alfabetos Frances, Latino É Italiano, Tom.IV, Pando, 1793]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 25 May 22 - 10:47 AM

“CELEUMA, o Celeusma. In greco …. Canzone o ritmo che s'intuonava ai remiganti per incoraggiarli alla fatico, o regoiarla, o farla cessare. Marziale:

        Quem nunc rumpere nauticum celeusma.

Corisponde a quel di Virgillio: incumbite remis. Talvolta si avvisavano I remiganti con suono di pietre battute l'una contro l'altra. Senofonte. –– Talvolta con sinfonia a più strumenti. Pediano: cani remigibus celeusma è pure l' ordine del piloto. Aristofane adopra… , vogate; e o'..., cessate.
CELEUMA. E' la voce del capo che dirige i facchini nello scaricar merci, o tirar barche.
*CELEUSTES. Nome di danza ridicola delle molte presso i Greci, Ateneo *.
CELEUSTES. Direttore dei remiganti. In greco….”
[Dizionario di Antichità Sacre e Profane, Vol.III, 1794]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 25 May 22 - 10:48 AM

“ALARIDO, f..m. Gritaria, clamor, vozes juntas,…
– de marinheiro, v. Faina. Celeuma. ¶Fazer, dar grandes alaridos. Crier, exciter, faire du tumulte, du trouble; trumbler. (Tumultari. Turbas facere. Cic.)

FAINA, f.f. (T.Naut.) Celeuma, vozeria com que os marinheiros fe incitão a fazer o feu officio, quando trabalhão; &c. Cri des matelots pour s'encourager à l'ouverage. (Celeuma, ou Celeufma. Tis. f.n. Afc. Pæd.)
[Diccionario Portuguez Francez e Latino, da Costa. 1794]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 25 May 22 - 10:49 AM

“Celeusma, atis, n. grido di marinari, che vicendevolmente fi animano.

Gridatore, clamatore, oris, g.m.
Gridatore, banditore, præco, onis, g.m.

Grido, alzata di voce, exclamatio, onis g.f.”
[Nuovo Vocabolario Osia Raccolta di Vocaboli Italiani, 1795]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 27 May 22 - 01:34 PM

“Calomar, il canto che fanno i marinari quando tirano d'accordo per accrefcer la forza nel tirare.

Hiçar, vocabolo con che i marinari fi vanno animando l' un l' altro nell' alzar qualche pefo, o far qualche forza infieme. E d' accordo.

Yça, vocabolo che ufano i marinari, o forzati quando d' accordo fanno qualche forza, e noi diciamo iffa.”
[Vocabulario Español e Italiano, Vol.II, Florentino, 1796]


“PAUSARIAS. Oder Keleuftes. f. Keleuftes.
Salomar. Auffingen.
Salomare. Auffingen.
Zalomar. f. Salomar.”
[Allgemeines Wörterbuch der Marine, Röding,1796]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 27 May 22 - 01:36 PM

“CELEUSMA, or Celeuma, in antiquity, the fhout or cry of the feamen, whereby they animated each other in their work of rowing. The word is formed from keleusma, to call, to give the fignal.
Celeusma was alfo a kind of fong or formula, rehearfed or played by the mafter, or others, to direct the ftrokes and movements of the mariners, as well as to encourage them to labour. See Celeustes.
CELEUSTES, in ancient navigation, the boatfwain or officer appointed to give the rowers the fignal, when they were to pull, and when to ftop. He was alfo denominated epopeus, and by the Romans portifculus; sometimes simply hortator.
CHANT, (cantus), is ufed for the vocal mufic of churches. In church-hiftory we meet with divers kinds of chant or fong. The firft is the Ambrofian, established by St Ambrofe. The fecond, the Gregorian chant, introduced by Pope Gregory the great, who eftablifhed fchools of chantors, and corrected the church-fong. This is ftill retained in the church under the name of plainsong; at firft it was called the Roman fong. The plain or Gregorian chant, is where the choir and people Fing in unifon, or all together in the fame manner.”
CHANTOR, a finger of a choir in a cathedral, The word is almoft grown obfolete, chorifter or finging-man being commonly ufed inftead of it. All great chapters have chantors and chaplains to affift the canons, and officiate in their absence.
[Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol.IV, CAA-CHE, London, 1797]



“VOIX, fubft. fém. The fong employed by failors, in hoisting, hauling, heaving , &c.
DONNER LA VOIX. To fing out, as in hauling, hoifting, heaving, &c.”
[Vocabulaire des Termes Marine, Lescallier, 1797]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 27 May 22 - 01:38 PM

“Alarido, m. Geschrey, Kriegsgeschren der Barbaren; Geheul, Wehflagen.
Calomar, das Geschrey der Matrosen, wann sie im Schiffe zugleich Hand anlegen.
Calomar, o. rufen, schreyen, wie die Matrosen thun, wenn sie ein Séil, Tau anziehen; absingen.
Zaloma, f. ein gewisses Zeichen mit der Stimme auf den Schiffen, um dic Matrosen an ihre Arbeit zu rufen, das Geschren, auf welches sie alle auf an einem Taue ziehen; das Absingen. S. A.
Zalomar, o. absingen, bamit alle Matrosen auf einmal an einem Taue ziehen. S. A.”
[Nuevo Diccionario Espanol-Aleman y Aleman-Espanol, Vol.I-II, 1798]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 27 May 22 - 01:39 PM

“CALÓMA. (Náut) Grita de marineros. Crying out zaloma.
[Diccionario Nuevo de las dos Lenguas Española e Inglesa, Tom.I, A-E, Connelly, 1798]


“SALÓMA. s.f. La accion de salomar. A failor's fong, the act of finging out when he hauls a rope &c.
SALOMÁR. v.n. Cantar juntos los marineros para tirar ó empujar á un tiempo en las maniobras. To fing out, ufed by failors when they work, or haul a rope together.
ZALÓMA. s.f. (Náut.) Cancion que usan los marineros quando halan de un aparejo. A fong ufed by failors when they haul a rope together.
ZALOMÁR. v.a. Hacar la zaloma. To fong and haul together a rope, as failors are wont to do.”
[Diccionario Nuevo de las dos Lenguas Española e Inglesa, Tom.II, F-Z, Connelly, 1798]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 27 May 22 - 01:41 PM

“The keleustes or hortator remigium, is by some considered as the Boatswain; his duty was to repeat the orders to the rowers , and to distribute their allowance to the Ship's Company…. The last Officer whom we shall notice, though several other professional names occur in antient writers, was the..., or Musician, who endeavoured both by his voice and skill on whatever instrument he performed, to cheer the spirits of the Rowers:

Acclivis malo mediis intersonat Orpheus
Remigiis, tantos que jubet neocire labores.
Statius, Theb. V. v. 343

Against the mast the tuneful Orpheus stands,
Plays to the weary'd rowers, and commands
The thought of toil away.”
[Memoirs of Navigation and Commerce from the Earliest Period, The Naval Chronicle, Vol.II, 1799, pp.186-187]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 30 May 22 - 01:03 AM

“CELEUSMA, atis, n. I) eigenlijk het aanfpooren tot de arbeid. 2) bij zonder van vaarenegezellen, is het of het geschreeuw der bootsgezellen, om zich op te wekken, of de daad yan den officier der roejers, als hij met den hamer alz 't ware de mact floeg, opdas zij de reimen te gelijk opbiaren, en te gelijk vallen zouden laten, Marcial. III, 60, 4. Rutil. I, 370: cf. Afcon. ad Cic. in. Caecil. 17.”
[Lexicon Latino-Belgicum Auctorum Classicorum, Scheller, 1799]



“PORTUGUESE
5175. ZALOMAR, v. to sing out
SPANISH
3481. Zalomar, v. to sing out
[A Marine Pocket Dictionary of the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and German Languages, 1799,]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 30 May 22 - 01:05 AM

“ZALOMA, f. f. the cry ufed by sailors working on board a fhip.
ZALOMAR, v. n. to cry as failors do when they work on board.
[A Dictionary, Spanish and English, Baretti, 1800]


“Calomar, m. das Geschrey der Matrosen, wann sie im Schiffe zugleich Hand anlegen.
Calomar, o. rufen, schreyen, wie die Matrosen thun, wenn sie ein Seil, Tau anziehen; absingen.”
[Nuevo Diccionario Español-Aleman y Aleman-Español, Vol.II, Wagener, 1800]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 30 May 22 - 01:06 AM

“Le son des instrumens, le cliquetis de armes, les ordres donnés par les officiers, le chant cadencé des musiciens(1), les résponses (2) des matelots, le jeu des rames, et ces sons divers répercutés souvent par les montagnes qui formoient la côte et qui sembloient comme suspendues; voilà la scène majestueuse dont les historiens présentent à notre imagination le tableau, et dont les détails se ressentent évidemment de la relation laissée par des hommes qui eurent la glorie de participer à ce magnifique triomphe.

(1) Keleusma. (N. de l'A.)
(2) C'est ainsi que Gronovius rend le mot… (N. de l'A.)”
[Voyage de Nearque, Vol.I, Vincent, 1800]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 30 May 22 - 01:08 AM

“Celeufma, atis, n. vox & clamor, quo portisculus remigibus fignum dat, cosque ad remigandum adhortatur, v. gr. Mart. grido, o canto di marinari, che fcambievolmente animanfi a vogare mornarsko zamjenito u vozu popjevanje.”
[Lexicon Latino-Italico-Illyricum, Stulli, 1801]



“Nódítás: Celeusma. eine Vermahnung, Aufmunterung.
Nodítom: Adhortor, Impetio, is. ich ermahne, vesmahne.
Onßolás: Hortatus, Instinctus, Cohortatio clamosa, Celeusma. die Dermahnung, Unreizung, Anfrischung mit Geschren.
Onßolom: Cohortor, Clamore impetio, ich ermahne, bermahne mit Geschren.
Onßoló kiáltás: Celeusma, wenn man fich einander mit Zurufen ermahnet.”
[Dictionarium Latino-Hungaricum, Vol.2, Páriz, Bod, Molnár, Eder, 1801]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST
Date: 30 May 22 - 01:10 AM

“(257) §. CXLI. Aux premiers cris… signifient proprement ce cri par lequel on anime les matelots à ramer avec vigueur. Il se dit aussi de la chanson que chantent les matelots en ramant. Les Latins disoient, à l'imitation des Grecs, Celeusma. Hygini, Fab. XIV, pag. 55, cum notis Munckeri et Van Staveren.”
[Histoire, Vol.3, Herodotus (Ctesias) 1802]



“CALO'MA, f.f. (Naút.) Singing out of failors when they haul a rope.
SALO'MA, f.f.
1. (Naút.) Singing out of failors.
2. (Ict.) Goldline. (Sparus Salpa, Linn.)
SALOMA'R v.n. (Naút.) To fing out.
ZALO'MA, f.f. (Naút.) Singing out of feamen when they haul with a rope.
ZALOMA'R, v.n. (Naút.) To fing out.”
[A New Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages, Neuman, 1802]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 11 Jul 22 - 12:16 PM

“Celeuma, tis, ó Celeusma, tis. n. Canto, grita ó algazara de marineros quando descubren tierra, y para avertir el trabajo.
Celeustes, æ. m. El cómitre de galera.”
[Dictionarium Manual Latino Hispanum, 2nd ed, Ximenez, 1802]


“Calomar, s.m. the cry of sailors when they hale a rope all together.”
[Nuevo Diccionario Portatil Espanol E Ingles, Gattel, 1803]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 11 Jul 22 - 12:17 PM

“...and the sprightly notes of the drum and fife, by which the labour of the capstan-bars is at present so much abated, was a delightful task assigned to the Grecian Trieraules, who stood before the mast, and cheered his weary shipmates with the exhilarating music of the Canaanites.

Against the mast the tuneful Orpheus stands,
Plays to the wearied rowers, and commands
The thought of toil away :
                Statius, Theb. V. v. 343”
[The Progress of Maritime Discovery, The Naval Chronicle, Vol.X, Clarke, 1803, p.407]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 11 Jul 22 - 12:27 PM

“Song (mind the)?……...        attention à la voix?
        out (to)……        arranger un certain chant, pour faire agir des hommes ensemble et en mesure.”
[Dictionnaire de la Marine Anglaise, et traduction des termes de la Marine Française en Anglais, Romme, 1804]


“celeustes. v. Aguzzino, Auzzino, Comito, Lauzzino.”
[Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca, Tomo VII, V-Z, Cesari, 1804]


Note: And speaking of torture... Dibdin's Tom Tough (Yo Heave Ho) &c &c would go right about in here somewheres per the Reidler model.

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 14 Jul 22 - 01:19 PM

“Niet slechts in den kryg maar ook in andere omstandigheden had men oudstyds zekere roep. Zo vind men in 't Hebreeuwsch het woord Hedad, als de roep der geenen die in de Wynoogst de druif in de pers treedende, elkander dus opwekten om met vrolykheid te arbeiden. Sommigen denken dat het ook de roep der Stuurlieden op een Schip was: alsdan komt het overeen met het celeusma der Grieken en Latynen. Lentos tingitis ad celeusma remos. Mart.”
[Aanmerkingen Over de Dichtkonst, Drayer, 1805]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 14 Jul 22 - 01:21 PM

“Absingen, v. a. cantar; absingen, als die Matrosen, bey der Arbeit, zalomar.”
[Diccionario Aleman y Español, Schmid, 1805]


“Saloma, sost.f. canto de' marinaj
Salomar, v.n. cantar manovrando”
[Dizionario Italiano-Spagnuolo e Spagnuolo-Italiano, Vol.2, Manni, 1805]


“Calomar, s.m. cri dess matelots pour s'encourager
Saloma, s.f. chant des matelots
Salomar, v.n. chanter en manœuvrant”
[Nuevo Diccionario Portatil Espanol y Frances, Vol.I, 1806]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 14 Jul 22 - 01:22 PM

“CANTO IV
XVI.
Com ruidosa voz de prazer cheio
Grita , e diz: Levem ancora ligeiros,
Dem-se vélas aos vencos, porque creio,
Que Aurora cedo mostra os seus Luzeiros.
Do cóncavo convéz posto no meio
Com vozes animava os marinheiros:
Ouvia-se ao mover do Cabrestante
A Nautica Celeuma dissonante….

CANTO IX
XXXI
Vendo Zargo já perto amena Praia,
Qque formava huma piacida Enseada,
Onde apenas o mar, quando se espraia,
A vaga mostra hum pouco encapellada;
E a Nautica Celeuma começacia,
Colhe-se o panno, e a ancora bidente,
Cahir da prôa sobre o mar se sente.”
[Zargueida, Descobrimento da Ilha da Madeira, Poema Heroico, Francisco de Paula Medina e Vasconcellos, 1806]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 16 Jul 22 - 05:04 PM

“Now all things ready, then without delay,
The boatswain's shrill pipe, bids them, heave away!
To fife and drum they heave the capstan round,
Weighs th’ pond’rous anchor from the oozy ground.”
[Naval Poetical Journal in Twelve Letters, Letter II, Craw, 1807, p.29]


“'Tis service now so briefly he commands,
That “to unmoor the ship be pip'd all hands:”
'Tis instant done and now with constant round
The capstan heaves, each pacing to the sound
Of fife and drum; till the expected call
Pipes shrilly for the welcome word “to pawl.”*
Now at the huge cat-fall each nerve is stretch'd,
Until the anchor to the cat-head's fetch'd;
Here they secure it, while the great fish-hook
Drags to its place the heavy crooked fluke.

*When work is done at the capstan, music is generally played to make the men step together, and do it cheerfully.—To “pawl,” is to secure the capstan—to stop.”
[The Cruise: A Poetical Sketch in Eight Cantos, A Naval Officer, 1808, p.25]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 16 Jul 22 - 05:07 PM

“Celeuma, tis. Ó Celeusma, tis. n. Canto, grito ó algarza de marineros cuando descrubren tierra, y para divertir el trabajo.
Celeustes, æ. m. El cómitre de galera.”
[Dictionarium Manuale Latino-Hispanum, Jiménez, 1808]


“* Celeusma, atis. n. Asc. Ped. El grito de los marineros ó remeros para animarse á la maniobra. ? La señal que se da á los marineros ó remeros, sea de viva voz, ó con un silbido para señalarles las diferentes maniobras. Se halla tanbien Celeuma.
* Celeustes, æ. m. Bud. El que hace hacer su deber á los marineros ó remeros, como el cómitre.”
[Diccionario Universal Latino-Español, Valbuena, 1808]


“Calomar, s.m. cri des matelots pour s'encourager.”
[Nouveau Dictionnaire de Poche François-Espagnol, Vol.II, 1809]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 16 Jul 22 - 05:09 PM

“The Athenians man their gallies, according to their respective rates, with a due proportion of soldiers and sailors. The former are generally heavy-armed, for the endeavor to come to boarding as soon a s possible, and by engaging hand to hand, being it as near as practicable to a land-fight. The sailors are made up of mariners, who manage the sails and tackling, and rowers; both composed of citizens, contrary to the practice in other countries, where the latter are always slaves. Amongst the Athenians they divide them into three orders; those in the uppermost benches are called Thranitai, those in the middle Zeugitai, those in the lower Thalamitai. The first have the largest pay; since by the distance of the water, and length of their oars, they undergo more fatigue and danger than the others. The officers on board a fleet, besides the admiral and his lieutenants, are the Trierarchs or captains of ships, who have under them the master pilot, the Keleustes or boatswain, who directs and places the rowers, and the Logistes or purser, besides other subalterns.”
[Athenian Letters (Anarcharsis the Younger) , Vol.I, Hardwicke, 1810]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 22 Jul 22 - 02:51 AM

Huntington, Gale. William Litten's Fiddle Tunes: 1800 – 1802, Vineyard Haven, Mass.: Hines Point Publishers, 1977.

“"William Litton’s Fiddle Tunes 1800-1802" ~ extracts from the introduction by Gale Huntington, pages 6 & 7

This collection of fiddle tunes was made by William Litten at sea on a vessel, or on two different vessels, of the British India fleet in the years 1800, 1801, and 1802.

Everything that we know about the man is from disjointed material on the inside front and back covers of the manuscript book and from scraps of information on the pages of the book itself and from the music. The notes in the text are difficult to decipher because Litten’s handwriting and spelling are both very bad, and in places the paper has bled. On the other hand the tunes themselves were transcribed without too much difficulty, for Litten was a good musician.

The manuscript is in the library of the Dukes County Historical Society* in Edgartown, Massachusetts, on the Island of Martha’s Vineyard.

Here are some of the facts that we can gather from the scattered notes. The British India fleet sailed from England May 27th, 1800, and arrived in China February 10th, 1801.

(Note: the author in correspondence with ~ John Compston, E.D., D. Litt. of Australian National University, says that the fleet visited Australia and may have made other stops during the passage.)

The fleet consisted of sixteen war vessels. The names of the vessels and of six of the captains of them are listed on the inside back cover of the book. ~ We can not be sure which ship Litten was on on the voyage out, but on the return voyage he was evidently on H.M.S. Gorgon, for he mentions a stop of that vessel at St. Helena on June 3rd, 1802. Litten’s duty was that of ship’s musician. At that time there was no chanteying on British war vessels, for chanteying was considered much too undignified for His Majesty’s service. Instead of a chanteyman all war vessels of any size carried and official fiddle player whose music helped to lighten some of the heavier work. A little after Litten’s time the cornet began to compete with the fiddle.
~
The manuscript was brought home to the Vineyard by Allen Coffin of Edgartown. His name appears on the inside cover of the book. Allen Coffin must surely have been younger than Litten. But they may have been shipmates, if not on that voyage perhaps on a later one. Coffin was born in 1788. But many boys did go to sea at twelve or thirteen in those days, and many American were serving in the British navy, usually because they had been pressed into the service.

James Coffin, Allen’s father, had been a seaman and then a shipmaster. But by 1800 he had retired from the sea and was an Edgartown merchant and a man of real wealth for the Period. He had a fleet of small merchant vessels that sailed to all parts of the world. Such men as James Coffin often did send their sons to sea at an early age to learn the business.

We cannot be sure that Allen Coffin played the fiddle but he probably did or why would he want Litten’s book? Also there were a great many more fiddle players a hundred and seventy-five years ago than there are today. (1970s) We do know that Allen’s family was a musical one, tow of his daughters played the violin and played it well. It could be just that fact that accounts for the book’s survival.

Allen Coffin is mentioned several times in Jeremiah Pease’s diary for the early years of the 19th century. Jeremiah was a singer and he and Allen were friends. They used to go fishing and eeling through the ice together. Perhaps they made music together too.

But about William Litten we do not know even whether he was English, Scottish, Irish or American. There are some very good Irish tunes in the book and some equally good Scottish and English ones. However Litten did not seem to care too much for the typically Scottish dotted eighth and sixteenth note combination. In fact, some of his Scottish tunes play like Irish versions of them. There are even some almost American tunes in the book. That "almost" is because American fiddle tunes were rare in those days and even some tunes that we think of as American had their origin in the British Isles. # Posted by ceolachan 8 years ago.”
[Boring The Leather (jig)]
*Now part of The Martha’s Vineyard Museum

On Worldcat: William Litten's Fiddle Tunes: 1800-1802
On Mudcat: RE: Tune Add: Bacon & Greens

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 22 Jul 22 - 02:53 AM

“CHANTER, pour agir ensemble = Zalomar.
Donner La Voix, chanter pour faire effort ensemble = Salomar.
SALOMAR = Donner la voix, chanter pour faire effort ensemble.
VOIX, donner la voix, agir a la voix = Salomar.
        A la voix! = Listo!
ZALOMAR (voyez salomar).
[Dictionnaire des Termes de Marine Français-Espagnols et Espagnols-Français, Petit, 1810]


“Calomar, m. the cry of the sailors when they hale a rope altogether
Saloma, f. The singing of the sailors. Salomar, n. to sing together, as sailors do.”
[The First Dictionary of Two Languages Under a Single Alphabet, English and Spanish, Feranadez, 1811]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 22 Jul 22 - 02:56 AM

North American rowing songs – lyrics &c posted here:

Lyr Req: V'la l' Bon Vent (Ian & Sylvia)
Le Canard blanc (chanson)
J'ai vu le loup

Journal of a Voyage up the River Missouri - 1811, 2nd ed, Brackenridge, 1816, pp.57-58
Travels in the Interior of America 1809-1811, Bradbury, 1817, pp.12-13

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 22 Jul 22 - 03:00 AM

“Negro Boat Song
...We started from Purrysburgh about two o;clock and were rowed by four negroes, for canoes are not paddled here as in Canada. They seemed to be jolly fellows, and rowed lustily to a boat song of their own composing. The words were given by one of them, and the rest joined the chorus at the end of every line. It began in the following manner:
                                                                        CHORUS
        We are going down to Georgia, boys,        Aye, aye,
        To see the pretty girls, boys,                Yoe, yoe.
        We'll give 'em a pint of brandy, boys,        Aye, aye.
        And a hearty kiss besides, boys.        Yoe, yoe.
                &c. &c. &c.

The tune of this ditty was rather monotonous, but had a pleasing effect, as they kept time with it, at every stroke of their oars. The words were mere nonsense; any thing, in fact, which came into their heads. I however remarked, that brandy was very frequently mentioned, and it was understood as a hint to the passengers to give them a dram*. We had supplied ourselves with tis article in Purrysburgh, and were not sparing of it to the negroes in order to encourage them to row quick.”
[Travels Through Lower Canada, and the United States of North America, in the Years 1806, 1807, and 1808, Lambert, 1810]

Origin: Johnny Come Down to Hilo
New evidence for 'shanty' origins?

*See also Smith (above) – A fresh Spell is to releeve the Rowers with another Gang, give the Boat more way for a dram of the bottell, who saies Amends, one and all, Vea, vea, vea, vea, vea, that is, they pull all strongly together.

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 22 Jul 22 - 03:03 AM

“The corn of this island [Raasay] is but little. I saw the harvest of a small field. The women reaped the corn, and the men bound up the sheaves. The strokes of the sickle were timed by the modulation of the harvest song, in which all their voices were united. They accompany in the Highlands every action, which can be done in equal time, with an appropriated [sic] strain, which has, they say, not much meaning; but its effects are regularity and cheerfulness. The ancient proceleusmatic song, by which the rowers of galleys were animated, may be supposed to have been of this kind. There is now an oar-song used by the Hebridians.”
[A Journey to the Western Islands &c., The Works of Samuel Johnson, Vol.VIII, 1811]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 Jul 22 - 08:55 PM

“Swift o'er the deck the busy boatswain goes,
And his shrill call at ev'ry hatchway blows :
"All hands unmoor!" aloud at each he cries,
"All hands unmoor!" each ready mate replies.
Rous'd by the sound, on deck the seamen swarm,
For music can the rudest bosom charm!
And, near the capstan, lo! a motley band
Of naval minstrels take their noisy stand!
The crew whose hands the plane and chissel guide,
Fix the huge levers in the capstan's side.
Deep in the hold, secluded far from day,
Some seamen coil the pond'rous rope away.
Hark! hark! the rugged melody I hear!
The piercing fife assails my shrinking ear;
The creaking fiddle, and the bagpipe's drone,
Which pours its sorrows in a mono-tone!
The drum crowns all; and to its leaden beat,
The crew keep time with deck-destroying feet!”

“Around the embers of the galley-fire,
For song and glee the cheerful tars retire.
There, while the cordial grog goes gaily round,
And recent trouble in the bowl is drown'd,
Again they fight their former battles o'er,
Or drink to those, belov'd, they left on shore.
Alternately the laugh and jest prevail,
And now the song is heard, and now the tale.
Hark! with a voice that stuns the deafen'd ear,
Whose rugged notes 'twere agony to hear,
Stentorophontus (best such name may suit
The man whose voice out-yells the fiercest brute)
With mouth extended, roars the rough-spun lay
That paints the perils of some fierce affray.
Rough bellowing quavers hang on ev'ry note,
As if a top-chain rattled in his throat;
Whilst in the chorus all the seamen join,
And pay the songster in his proper coin.
Anon, a tar, whose destiny severe,
For music gave him neither voice nor ear;
To furnish out his quota of delight, T
Begins some wond'rous story to recite,
Of goblins, sprites, and all the horrid crew
That ever fear conceiv'd, or terror knew;
Whilst, with attentive ear, the seamen round,
Hang on his lips in silence most profound.

So flies the time, till now th' extinguish'd fire
Warns them on other bus'ness to retire;
The warning they receive, and soon they go,
Those to their watch, and these to rest below.”

“Now swift canoes, with paddles short and strong,
To measur'd notes of music skim along,
And oft, the sable rowers, as they time
Their skilful strokes, their mellow voices chime.”
[Britain's Bulwarks or The British Seaman, Woodley, 1811, pp.57, 80-81, 129-130]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 Jul 22 - 08:56 PM

“DITHYRAMBO VI.
Assustáo-se os nautas, e a rouca celeumam
        A's estrellas vòa;
        De tristes gemidos
        O ar se povòa:…


Nos cheirosos lagares
Da Celeuma (I) o alaridosSe espalha pelos ares,
Do Eco repetido;
Enchendo de alegri
A rude companhia.

(I) Ainda que esta voz se costuma applicar á grita, que os Marinheiros fazem, excitando-se mutamente com ella ao trabalho; a sua original significaçao he exprimir a grita alegre dos Vindimadores. Isaias cap.16. v.10 Jeremias cap.48. v.33.”
[Poesias de Antonio Diniz da Cruz e Silva, 1812]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 Jul 22 - 08:57 PM

“SALOMA, s.f. Sorte de cri on de chant des matelots pendnt la manœuvre.
SALOMAR, v.n. On le dit des matelotes qui crient ou chantent tous à la fois en manœuvrant.”
[Diccionario Español Frances y Frances Español, Taboado, 1812]


“Alarido de marinheiro, cri des matelots pour s'encourager à l'ouvrage
Celeuma, s.f. (t. de mar.) cri des matelots pour s'encourager à ramer
Faina, s.f. cri des matelots pour s'encourager à l'ouvrage
Salema, s.f. stokfiche; chant des matelots en ramant”
[Nouveau Dictionnaire de Poche Francais-Portugais, Sociedade de Literator, 1812]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 Jul 22 - 08:59 PM

“CELEUMA, or CELEUSMA, [from… to call] in antiquity; 1. The shout or cry of the seamen, whereby they animated each other in the work of rowing. 2. A kind of song or formula, rehearsed or played by the master, or others, to direct the strokes and movements of the mariners, as well as to encourage them to labour. See next article.
CELEUSTES, in ancient naivgation, the boatswain or officer appointed to give the rowers the signal, when they were to pull, and when to stop.”
[The Imperial Encyclopaedia; Or, Dictionary of the Sciences and Arts, Vol.I, Johnson, Exley, 1812]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 23 Jul 22 - 09:00 PM

“Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That the crews of each of the said ships of seventy-four guns, shall consist of two hundred able seamen, three hundred ordinary seamen and boys, three serjeants, three corporals, one drummer, one fifer, and sixty marines.”
[An Act: To increase the Navy of the United States, Naval Chronicle, Vol.XXIX, 1813, p.238]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 25 Jul 22 - 01:59 AM

“CHANTER. v. n. To song. Cest faire- certains cris de convention, pour donner le sigual de l'instant où plusieurs hommes, employés à une même opération, doivent réunir leurs efforts et agir tous ensemble. — La manière de chanter ou le cri de convention est variable suivant les chanteurs.

CHANTEUR. S. m. Ouvrier qui, agissant concurremment avec d'autrès, leur donne le signal, par un cri de convention, du moment où ils doivent déployer ensemble toutes leurs forces, pour produire par leur réunion, mi effet déterminé, qui exige non seulement toutes ces puissances, mais aussi leur concours simultané.

DONNER la voix, c'est marquer par un cri de de convention, le moment où plusieurs hommes rassemblés doivent agir ou réunir leurs erforts pour produire un effet quelconque.

O! INTERJECTION employée par les marins pour donner le signal à des hommes rassemblés pour une même opération, de réunir leurs efforts au même instant, afin de produire tout l'effet dont ils sont capables par le concours de leurs forces; c'est ainsi qu'ils disent à haute voix: ô hisse? ô hale? ô saille? ô saque? ô ride? pour annoncer le moment où ils doivent tous ensemble, ou hisser, ou haler, ou saillir, ou saquer, ou rider (Voy. ces mots).

REPRISE. s. f. C'est l'action de reprendre; voy. ce mot, et toutes les diverses acceptions dans lesquelles il est employé.

SAILLER. v. a. C'est ponsser une pièce de bois par une de ses extrèmités pour la faire glisser sur un plan, dans le sens de longueur, et lorsque plusieurs hommes rassemblés doivent concourir ensemble pour produire cet effet, l'un d'eux crie à haute-voix le mot Saille? Rousse? pour annoncer le moment où ils doivent réunir leurs efforts et agir en même temps avec la force dont ils sont capables.”
[Dictionnaire de la Marine Francoise, Romme, 1813]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 25 Jul 22 - 02:01 AM

“Vintage. This season was accompanied with feasts and great rejoicings. Isaiah says. xxv. 6. In this mountain shall the Lord of hosts make unto all people, a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees, well refined. Literally, a feast of fatness, a feast of lees, of marrowy fatnesses, of clarified lees. And, Isai. xvi. 10. Gladness is taken away, and joy out of the plentiful field; and in the vineyards there shall be no singing, neither shall there be shouting; the treaders shall tread out no wine in their presses; I have made their vintage shouting to cease. Hebrew, out of Carmel. Carmel signifies an excellent vineyard And Jeremiah says, xlviii. 33. Joy and gladness is taken from the plentiful field (from the Carmel) and from the land of Moab, (which was fruitful in vines) and I hate caused wine to fail from the winepresses, none shall tread with shouting. their shouting shall be no shouting; Hebrew, literally, they shall no longer tread the grape, and he that cries hedad, shall no more cry hedad, hedad. This last term is the cry of the vintagers, from whence is formed heth, and de heth, [Huzza! Bravo!] with vigour, with courage, cheerfully.”
[Calmet's Great Dictionary of the Holy Bible, Vol.II, 1813]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 25 Jul 22 - 02:02 AM

“Alarido: celeuma nautica. § Clamor de quem bulha com outrem.
CELÈUMA, s.f. A vozeria, que faz a gente do mar, quando trabalha. Cam. Lus. II. 25. A celeuma medonha se levanta No rudo marinheiro, que trabalha.
CELEUMEÁR, v.n. Levantar celeuma: outros dizem Salamear.”
[Diccionario da Lingua Portugueza, Silva, 1813]



“CELEUMA, atis, n. Asc, Oed. et CELEUSMA, atis, n. (…exhorter). Cri par lequel les rameurs s'encouragent. ? Signal qui indique aux matelots les différentes manœuvres.
CELEUSTES. æ, m. Bud. Celui qui veille sur les matelots ou autres ouviers, comite, piqueur.”
[Dictionarium Latino-Gallicum, Noel, Facciolati, 1813]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 28 Jul 22 - 09:18 PM

“Accorde! zieht alle zugleich das Ruder an! (ist ein Commando an die Matrosen un Ruderknechte).
Accorder, v.a. (tirer ou haler d'accord) bei dem Rojen oder einem Tau alle zugleich anholen, welche letztere Arbeit gewöholich unter Auffangen geschieht, zugleich rudern.
Hissa, ho ha, hissa, ô, hisse! das Aufsingen beim Hissen.
Voix, s.f., das Aufsingrn, Wort.
        Donner la voix, aufsingen.
        A la voix! gebt aufs Aufsingen oder aufs Wort Acht.
        Saluer de la voix, (s Saluer).
[Dictionnaire de Commerce, de Marine et de Droit, François-Allemand, Lemmens, 1811]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 28 Jul 22 - 09:20 PM

“The command to heave round the capstern was given; some music, which we had on board, struck up a lively tune, and in less than twenty minutes the small bower anchor was secured to the larboard bow of the ship…”
[The Log-Book, No.VI, The Calcutta Magazine and Monthly Register, No.XXXII, By B (anon.), August, 1832]
Note: Royal Navy c.1814.



“Behold! At thy return, commerce unfurls her lightly flowing sails; and the busy mariner again in prospect beholds a return of that source of industry of which plenty was the reward; and while the gentle gales swell the canvas, the song of yo heave ho resounds along the river's banks, and the busy hum of men enlivens that scene which erst has seemed a dreary leafless forest.”
[Intellectual Regale; Or, Ladies Tea Tray, Volume 1, 1814]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 28 Jul 22 - 09:22 PM

“HAUL,
Haul at the song. Alzate al segno de richietto. Halez a la voix. Halez au chant.
To haul cheerily. Alare con forza, allegramente. Pesare sulia corda. Pesen.”
[Vocabolario di Marina in Tre Lingue, Vol.3, Stratico, 1814]



“Gally-slave, s. Tràill-iomramh
Iomram, Iomramh, s. Rowing
Iurram, s, An oar song, &c.”
[A New and Copious Vocabulay in Two Parts, Macfarlane, 1815]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 02 Aug 22 - 03:44 AM

“MUSCULAR STRENGTH COMPARED WITH THE POWERS OF THE MIND.
'Twere well if thoughts were like mechanic powers,
And double mind made double knowledge ours.
Two men at levers placed of equal length,
Their equal efforts joined, have double strength;
And two to these we gain the strength of four,
So in proportion with a thousand more;
As here combined, their pressure gives of course,
At one fixed point, one time, their whole united force.
'Tis thus their sinewy strength the sailors show,
Who gain an extra power with “Yoe, heave ho.”
But 'tis not so with MINDS,– these stand alone;
And two, though joined, have but the strength of one,
No “Yoe heave” here can help the other on!...”
[Poetic Flowers, Sandham, 1815]

Subject: RE: Maritime work song in general
From: GUEST,Phil d'Conch
Date: 02 Aug 22 - 03:45 AM

“Un, deux, trois! (t. de Marine), Haul-in– haul to– haul belay! Song used by seamen when hauling the bowlines.

Voix [t. de Marine] The song (employed by sailors, in hoisting, heaving, &c.) Donner la voix, To sing out (as in hauling, hoisting, heaving, &c.) A la voix, Mind the man that sings! Saleur de la voix. V. Saleur.”
[Dictionnaire François-Anglois et Anglois-François, Tom.I, Pt.II., Chambaud, 1815]